Month: April 2021

  • Serviced Apartments vs High end Apartment investment in Kenya.

    Serviced apartments are furnished houses with caretaker services where someone can rent for a minimum of 1 day and have an inhouse cook and househelp to assist in cooking and cleaning . They are especially marketable to family or group travelers who would like to be in close proximity to each other in a 1,2,3 bedroomed house.

    Assuming kes 5,000 per night for a 2 bedroomed apartment, this works out to kes 75,000 per month at 50% occupancy. The same apartment fetches around kes 35,000 per month in rent.

    Return on Investment.

    Assuming construction cost of kes 3m, and a yearly income of kes 700,000 as serviced apartment or kes 350,000 as normal monthly rent plan, this works out as below

    4.2 years as serviced apartment.

    8.8 years as normal rentable house.

    From the above, we can deduce that serviced apartment method works much better as a real estate investment compared to normal rental method. The Return on Investment for serviced apartment type building at 50% occupancy rate is close to Return on Investment for hotel type building , minus the management hustles that come about running the hotel.

    Architect Francis Gichuhi Kamau.

    gichuhi@a4architect.com

    0721410684

  • THE SECTIONAL PROPERTIES ACT (No. 21 of 2020)

    THE SECTIONAL PROPERTIES ACT

    (No. 21 of 2020)

    IN EXERCISE of the powers conferred by section 59 of the Sectional Properties Act,
    2020, the Cabinet Secretary for Lands and Physical Planning makes the following Regulations─

    THE SECTIONAL PROPERTIES REGULATIONS,

    2021

    Citation.

    1. These Regulations maybe cited as the Sectional Properties
      Regulations, 2021.

    Registration
    of sectional
    plans.
    LN 278/2017

    2.(1) A person who wishes to register a sectional plan in
    accordance with section 4 of the Act shall apply for
    registrationin Form LRA 9 set out in the Sixth Schedule to the
    Land Registration (General) Regulations, 2017.
    (2) The application under paragraph (1) shall be
    accompanied by─
    (a) the original certificate of title or lease to the parcel in
    respect of which the sectional plan is made; and
    (b) an application for the registration of the corporation in
    Form SP1 set out in the Schedule.
    (3) The registrar shall consider an applications made under
    (1) and (2)(b) and pursuant to section 5(1)(a) of the Act
    proceed to close the register of the parcel described in it and─
    (a) register the sectional plan in a Sectional Plan Register
    kept in Form SP2 set out in the Schedule; and
    (b) register the Corporation in the Corporation Register in
    Form SP3 set out in the Schedule and issue a
    registration certificate for the Corporation in Form SP4
    set out in the schedule.
    (4) Subject to the Sectional Plan Register opened under
    paragraph (3), the Registrar shall open Unit Registers in form
    SP5 set out in the Schedule if the parcel is freehold, and Unit

    Registers in Form SP6 set out in the Schedule if the parcel is
    a leasehold.
    (5) The Registrar shall issue certificates of title and a
    certificates of lease for every respective unit Register for
    freehold and Unit Register for leasehold opened under
    paragraph (4), in Form SP7 and SP8 set out in the Schedule.

    LN 278/2017

    (6) Provisions of the Land Registration (General)
    Regulations 2017 on circumstances under which the Registrar
    may reject a defective instrument for registration and right to
    appeal thereof shall apply to both application for registration
    of a Sectional Plan and that of a Corporation.

    Recording of
    the particulars
    of sectional
    plans.

    3.(1) The Registrar shall record in the Sectional Plan Register
    kept under regulation 2(4) particulars of all the sectional plans
    as registered under the Act.
    (2) Every registered sectional plan shall be allocated a
    progressive number by which it may be identified in the
    Sectional Plan Register.

    Submission of
    sectional plan
    to county
    governments

    1. Pursuant to section 9(2) of the Act, the registrar shall upon
      registration of a sectional plan submit to the county
      government of the area in which the parcel is located a copy
      of the sectional plan.

    Execution of
    instruments.

    1. The provisions of sections 44 and 45 of the Land
      Registration Act and the Land Registration (General)
      Regulations, 2017 on the execution and verification of
      instruments shall apply on instruments specified under this Act
      and registered under Land Registration Act.

    Fees.

    1. The fees payable for any procedure or function under the
      Act shall be the fees prescribed under the Land Registration
      Act, 2021.

    Power of
    attorney.

    1. All powers of attorney registered under the Land
      Registration Act shall be deemed to be powers registered
      under this Act where applicable.

    Sectional
    plan.

    1. A plan to be presented for registration as a sectional plan,
      a sectional plan of sub-division or as a sectional plan of
      consolidation shall—

    (a) be drawn in waterproof ink, on tracing linen or
    polyester film or such other material that is of size and
    nature that is acceptable to the Director of Surveys;
    (b) be prepared in sheets, each sheet of the plan being
    endorsed in the upper right hand corner with the words
    “Sheet of Sheets” with the appropriate numbers filled
    in; and
    (c) consist of—
    (i) the first sheet on which are set out matters
    prescribed by section 9 and 11 of the Act; and
    (ii) further sheets containing such elevations, sections,
    plans diagrams and other information required
    under section 9 of the Act.

    The signing
    and
    endorsement
    of sheets.

    9.(1) The first sheet of the plan shall before it is presented for
    registration, be signed by—
    (a) a surveyor ;
    (b) the County Government; and
    (c) the owner of the property,
    and be submitted to the authority responsible for survey for
    authentication.
    (2) An application for endorsement by the County
    Government under section 11 of the Act shall be made in Form
    SP 9 set out in the Schedule.
    (3) where the sectional plan is in conformity with the
    building and archtechtural plans, the County government shall
    endorse on the face of the sectional plan.

    Requirements
    of
    plan sheets.

    10.(1) The sheets required by section 9(1)(b) and (d) of the
    Act shall respectively bear the statements “Site and Building
    Location Plan” and “Floor Plan” and shall—
    (a) be drawn with the north point directed upwards and
    parallel to the sides of the plan form; and

    (b) be to a scale, selected from the standard scales
    tabulated in regulation 89 of the Survey Regulations
    which will allow all details and notations to be clearly
    shown and that the area of a unit shall not be less than
    five square cm.
    (2) Every detail shown on a plan shall be distinct, and the
    cramping of figures shall be avoided

    Expression of
    words, letters,
    figures and
    symbols.

    11.All words, letters, figures and symbols appearing on the
    sectional plan, shall, except where the Authority Responsible
    for Survey otherwise approves, be—
    (a) shown in capital letters;
    (b) open in formation and construction; and
    (c) drawn in an upright style.

    Illustration of
    units on a
    floor plan.

    12.(1) Every floor plan of a sectional plan presented for
    registration shall illustrate the units which shall be numbered
    consecutively commencing with the first unit and terminating
    with a unit number to correspond to the total number of units
    comprised in the parcel.
    (2) Where a numbered unit is shown as consisting of more
    than one part, each part shall be described as part of that
    numbered unit.
    (3) In a plan presented for registration as a sectional plan of
    sub-division or sectional plan of consolidation, the original
    unit shall be cancelled in the existing sectional plan and the
    new unit shall be numbered consecutively, the lowest new unit
    number being greater by one than the highest number in the
    existing sectional plan.

    Expression of
    units.

    13.(1) The schedule specifying the unit number, unit factor,
    the approximate floor area and user for each unit expressed in
    square metres, for the purposes of section 9(1)(f) of the Act
    shall be in form SP 10 set out in the Schedule.
    (2) To each unit there shall be assigned a unit factor as shown
    in form SP 11 set out in the schedule so that the total of the
    unit factors for all units in the parcel is equal to ten thousand.

    Matters to be
    set out in a
    site and

    14.(1) A site and building location plan presented in support
    of a sectional plan or a sectional plan of subdivision or

    building
    location plan.

    sectional plan of consolidation shall in addition to matters
    referred to in regulation 11(c)(i) set out—
    (a) abutting boundaries, co-ordinates of beacons, lengths
    and bearings of the external boundaries of the parcel as
    required by regulations 91 and 92 of the Survey
    Regulations;
    (b) the georeferenced external limits of the building, the
    building dimensions and the tie line measurements
    relating the building to the parcel boundary;
    (c) any subsisting assessment or utility rights of way;
    (d) where any encroachment exists in respect of a wall, the
    relationship of the inner surface of the wall to parcel
    boundary beyond which the wall encroaches;
    (e) exclusive possession areas and extent of the common
    property area; and
    (f) a legend to explain, among other items, the boundaries
    of the units, unit measurements, building locations,
    dimensions and symbols, as shown in the relevant form
    in the Third Schedule.
    (2) Building dimension and tie measurements shall be
    recorded to 0.01 of a metre.
    (3) The areas of a unit shall be recorded to 0.1 square metre.

    Notification
    of subdivision
    and
    illustration of
    units.

    15.(1) Before registering a sectional plan of subdivision of a
    unit or units, the Registrar shall cause to be—
    (a) endorsed on the original registered sectional plan, a
    notification of the subdivision; and
    (b) indicated on the diagram in the original registered
    sectional plan, illustrating the unit or units being
    subdivided that the unit or units are subdivided.

    Notification
    of
    consolidation
    and
    illustration of
    units.

    16.(1) Before registering a sectional plan of consolidating of
    a unit or units, the Registrar shall cause to be—

    (a) endorsed on the original registered sectional plan a
    notification of the consolidation; and
    (b) indicated on the diagram in the original registered
    sectional plan, illustrating the unit or units being
    consolidated that the unit or units are consolidated.

    Incidental
    rights

    1. Where the sub-division of a unit or consolidation of units
      is likely to affect incidental rights of any unit owner in respect
      of common property and all other rights appurtenant as

    provided under section 7 of the Act, a sectional plan for sub-
    division or Consolidation in that respect shall not be registered

    unless an affected owner gives consent in form SP12 set out
    in the schedule

    Addition of
    continuation
    sheets.

    18.(1) The Registrar may add continuation sheets to a
    sectional plan register on which may be made any
    endorsement, registration memorandum, notification or other
    entry that is to be or may be made on the register.
    (2) Each such sheet added to the register by the Registrar
    pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—
    (a) be numbered consecutively; and
    (b) be signed by the Registrar.

    Conversion to
    units.

    19.(1) Pursuant to section 13(2) of the Act a registered
    proprietor of a parcel or a developer making an application for
    conversion of longterm leases to sectional units shall submit a
    sectional plan for registration to the registrar in form SP 13 set
    out in the schedule.
    (2) Where the management company has custody of the
    parcel title or where the developer has failed to make an
    application under paragraph (1) above, the management shall
    submit a sectional plan for registration in terms of paragraph
    (1).
    (3) Where the registered proprietor or the management
    company as the case may be fails to make the application
    under paragraph (1) or (2), the unit owners shall submit a
    sectional plan for registration in terms of paragraph (1).

    (4) The registrar shall dispense with the production of the
    title to the parcel in applications made under paragraphs (2)
    and (3).
    (5) Where a property is charged, the application in paragraph
    (1) shall be made by the proprietor but shall be submitted by
    the encumbrancer or appointed representative for issuance of
    a new title noted with the encumbrances, to the encumbrancer.
    (6) Failure by a registered proprietor of a parcel, a developer,
    a management company or an owner of a unit to submit a
    sectional plan for registration to the registrar shall not
    invalidate the security held by the encumbrancer.
    (7) In the event of the chargee exercising its statutory power
    of sale, the Registrar shall issue a new title in the name of the
    transferee upon registration of transfer by chargee.

    Documents to
    accompany an
    application for
    conversion.

    20.(1) The following documents will accompany an
    application for conversion─
    (a) sectional Plan;
    (b) sublease/long-term lease;
    (c) the parcel title and/or a Copy of the parcel title;
    (2) Where the original title is not available─
    (a) an indemnity in cases where the management company
    or owners of the units are unable to avail the original
    title to the parcel; refer to Regulation 27 and 28 of LRA
    (general) regulations 2017;
    (3) The registrar shall issue a notice to be published in the
    Gazette calling for the title for purpose of conversion.
    (4) At the expiry of sixty days from the date of notice, if the
    title is not availed, the registrar shall proceed to close the
    parcel register and register the sectional plan.

    No. 3 of 2012

    (5) The registrar shall register the sectional plan and issue
    the owners of the unit with certificate of title/lease in
    accordance with section 54(5) of the Land Registration Act,
    2012.

    Amendment
    of by-laws.

    21.(1) where the corporation deems it necessary to amend its
    bylaws pursuant to section 29 of the Act, the amended copy
    shall be filed with the registrar who shall note on the sectional
    plan if satisfied that the amendments are in conformity with
    the Act.
    (2) On noting amendment of the bylaws in paragraph (1),
    the Registrar shall endorse on the relevant corporation register
    a notification which shall—
    (a) contain any particulars the Registrar directs; and
    (b) be signed by the Registrar.

    Notice by
    owner

    1. (1) An owner desiring to rent his unit shall notify the
      corporation in form14 set out in the schedule wherein he shall
      provide his address for effecting a notice under Regulation 23.
      (2) upon renting the unit, the owner shall within 21 days from
      commencement of the tenancy notify the corporation of the
      name of tenant residing in the unit in form15 Set out in the
      schedule.
      (3) On lapse of tenancy agreement, the owner shall within
      20 days give notice to the corporation in form ….set out
      in the schedule

    Notice by the
    corporation

    1. (1) where a tenant occupying a unit is in breach of the by-
      laws as provided under Section 46, the corporation shall notify

    the owner of the unit in form16 set out in the schedule to take
    necessary action
    (2) where a notice under paragraph (1) has been given and the
    owner has failed to take necessary action, the corporation shall
    give notice to the tenant to vacate the premises in form 17 set
    out in the schedule

    Termination
    of sectional
    status.

    24.(1) A notice of the termination of the sectional status of a
    building shall be in form SP 18 set out in the Schedule.
    (2) On receipt of a notice referred to in paragraph (1), the
    Registrar shall endorse on the relevant sectional plan register
    a notification of the termination of the sectional status and the
    vesting of the parcel in the owners.

    (3) The notification shall contain any other particulars the
    Registrar directs and shall be signed by the Registrar.

    Transfer of
    parcel.

    1. Where a parcel is transferred by a corporation pursuant to
      section 49 of the Act, the Registrar shall—
      (a) enter on the relevant sectional plan register a
      notification of the cancellation of the plan; and
      (b) indicate in an appropriate manner on any relevant
      register that the sectional plan has been cancelled.

    Notification
    of change of
    address.

    1. where there is change of address, the corporation shall
      nitify the registrar of such change in form SP 19 set out in
      the Schedule.

    Notification
    of change of
    Board
    membership.

    1. Where there is a change to board membership as provided
      under 26(2) of the Act the corporation shall give notice to the
      registrar in form SP 20 set out in the Schedule and such
      changes shall be noted in the Corporation Register.

    Notification
    of change of
    corporation.

    Extension or
    renewal of
    lease.

    Submission of
    forms and
    plans
    electronically.

    1. (1) On the change of membership of the corporation by
      way of exit or entry of a unit owner, the corporation shall give
      notice to the registrar in form SP21 set out in the Schedule.
      (2) The registrar shall accordingly amend the unit register and
      the corporation register.
    2. An application for extension or renewal of the lease term
      shall be made through the corporation by all the unit owners
      from the same sectional plan as provided under the Land
      (Extension and Renewal of Leases) Rules 2017.
    3. All forms and plans referred to in these regulations may
      be submitted in electronic form.

    FIRST SCHEDULE

    THE OWNERS, SECTIONAL PLAN NO.(to specify the
    number given to the plan on registration)

    SECTIONAL PROPERTIES CORPORATION BY-
    LAWS

    Name and
    address

    1. (1) The corporation shall be called “The Owners Sectional
      Plan No….Corporation” hereinafter referred to in these by-

    laws as “The Corporation” and it is registered in [ ]Registration Unit within[ ] County.
    (2) The registered office of the Corporation shall be at
    …………………. and the postal address shall be
    …………………
    Notice of any change of address shall be given to the Registrar
    within 30 days of the resolution of the board to change address
    is taken.

    Interpretation. 2. (1) In these By-laws, unless the context otherwise suggests
    words or phrases shall be defined and interpreted in
    accordance with the Sectional Properties Act, 2020 and the
    Regulations made there under hereinafter referred to as the
    “Act” and “Regulations” respectively
    (2)In these by-laws save as otherwise expressly stated:
    “general meeting” means an annual or special general meeting
    physically, virtually or hybrid of the two convened by the
    corporation to conduct business of the Corporation;
    “Tenant” means a person renting a unit
    (3) The rights and obligations given or imposed on the
    corporation or the owners under these by-laws are in addition
    to any rights or obligations given or imposed on the
    corporation or the owners under the Act.

    Objects 3. (1)These Bylaws are made pursuant to Section 29 of the Act
    to provide for the control, management and administration of
    the units, the movable and immovable property of the
    Corporation and the common property.
    (2)In addition to the bylaws prescribed herein, the Corporation
    may pursuant to the Act make other bylaws that are responsive
    and serve the demand of a specific development

    Duties of the
    owner.

    1. An owner shall—
      (a) permit the corporation and its agents, at all reasonable
      times on notice (except in case of emergency when no
      notice is required), to enter his unit for the purposes
      of—
      (i) inspecting the unit;

    (ii) maintaining, repairing or replacing pipes, wires,
    cables and ducts existing in the unit and used or
    capable of being used in connection with the
    enjoyment of any other unit or common property;
    (iii)Maintaining or repairing the common property; or
    (iv) ensuring compliance to the by-laws;
    (b) forthwith carry out all work that may be required by
    the corporation pursuant to these by-laws or as
    required by a County Government or other public
    authority in respect of the unit, other than any work for
    the benefit of the building generally; and pay all rates,
    rent, taxes, charges and assessments that may be
    payable in respect of the unit;
    (c) maintain the unit in a state of good repair;
    (d) Immediately notify the corporation of—
    (i) any change in the ownership of the unit; or
    (ii) any charge registered against the unit; and
    (e) not make structural, mechanical or electrical
    alterations to his unit or to the common property
    without the prior written consent of the board, which
    shall not be unreasonably withheld, and shall prior to
    making any such alteration give to the board not less
    than fourteen days’ notice in writing (including a
    description of the proposed alteration) before the
    intended date of commencement of the proposed
    alteration and shall not commence the same until such
    written consent as aforesaid has been received by him.

    Powers of the
    corporation.

    5.(1) The corporation may—
    (a) acquire movable property to be used—
    (i) for the maintenance, repair or replacement of
    the immovable or movable property of the
    corporation or the common property; or
    (ii) by owners in connection with their enjoyment
    of the immovable and movable property of the
    body corporate or the common property;

    (b) borrow money required by it in the better performance
    of its duties or the exercise of its powers, subject to the
    borrowing limit allowed by owners in an annual
    general meeting;
    (c) secure the repayment of money borrowed by it and
    interest on that money by a negotiable instrument, a
    mortgage on unpaid contributions (whether levied or
    not), or a mortgage or charge over any property not
    being immovable property owned by it or by any
    combination of those means;
    (d) charge interest under Section 32 of the act on any
    contribution owing to it by an owner at the rate not
    exceeding the base lending rate as published by the
    Central Bank of Kenya from time to time or as may
    be fixed by resolution of the corporation in general
    meeting;
    (e) make an agreement with an owner or tenant of a unit
    for the provision of amenities or services by it to the
    unit or to the owner or tenant of the unit;
    (f) where the supply of electricity or water or gas to a unit
    is regulated by means of a sub-meter, require the
    owner or other occupier of the unit to pay to the
    corporation by way of security for the payment of
    charges arising through the sub-meter an amount not
    exceeding shillings ** and if any amount is so paid is
    applied by the corporation to meet such utilities, to pay
    such further amount or amounts by way of such
    security as may be necessary to maintain the amount
    of the security as, subject to this paragraph, the
    corporation may require;
    (g) if the owner or other occupier of a unit in respect of
    which a sub-meter is used for the supply of electricity
    or water or gas refuses or fails to pay any charges due
    for the supply of electricity or water or gas to that unit,
    apply in payment of those charges all, or such part as
    is necessary; of any amount paid to the corporation by
    that owner or occupier under paragraph (f) including
    any interest that may have accrued in respect of that
    amount under paragraph (2)(a);

    (h) by agreement with a particular owner, grant him
    exclusive use and enjoyment of part of the common
    property or special privileges in respect of the
    common property or any part of it in accordance with
    section 40 of the Act.
    (i) Give notice to the owner of the unit if the tenant
    occupying the unit is in breach of the by-laws as
    provided in the regulations
    (j) Give notice to a tenant to vacate the premises if the
    owner fails to take necessary action as per notice given
    under paragraph (I) above and the bylaws.
    (2) The corporation shall—
    (a) lodge every sum received under paragraph (1)(f) to the
    credit of an interest bearing account with a bank to be
    determined by the corporation and all interest accruing
    in respect of amounts so received shall, subject to
    paragraph (1)(g), be credited to the account of the
    corporation
    (b) maintain in a state of good and serviceable repair, the
    fixtures and fittings (including lifts) existing on the
    property and used or capable of being used in
    connection with the enjoyment of more than one unit
    or the common property;
    (c) where a person who has paid an amount under
    paragraph (1)(f) to the corporation satisfies the
    corporation that he is no longer the owner or occupier
    of a unit and that the corporation no longer has any
    liability or contingent liability for the supply of
    electricity or water or gas or other utilities to that unit
    during the period when the person was an owner or
    occupier of the unit, refund to that person the amount
    then held on his behalf under paragraph (1)(f);
    (d) where practicable, establish and maintain suitable
    lawns and gardens on the common property;
    (e) maintain, repair and where necessary, renew sewers,
    pipes, wires, cables and ducts existing on the property
    and used or capable of being used in connection with
    the enjoyment of more than one unit or the common
    property;

    (f) on the written request of the owner or a registered
    chargee of his unit, produce to the owner or chargee, as the
    case may be, (or to a person authorized in writing by the owner
    or chargee) all policies of insurance effected by the
    corporation together with the receipts for the last premiums
    paid in respect of the policies, and shall also if requested so to
    do in accordance with the provisions of section 39 of the Act
    provide copies to such owner, chargee or authorized person.

    Election of the
    Board.

    6.(1) The board shall consist of not less than three and not
    more than nine individuals.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if there are not more
    than two owners, the board may consist of all the owners.
    (3) An individual shall not be a member of the board unless
    that individual has attained the age of eighteen years.
    (4) The constitution of the board where practicable shall
    comply with the Constitution of Kenya gender requirements
    and shall ensure balanced and wider representation of various
    types of unit owners in the property.
    (5) In determining the number of owners for the purposes of
    this by-law and of by-law 5, co-owners of a unit or more than
    one unit shall be deemed to be one owner and a person who
    owns more than one unit shall also be deemed to be one owner.

    Eligibility to
    sit on the
    Board.

    7.(1) The board shall comprise of unit owners elected at a
    general meeting provided that the board may coopt not more
    than two persons who are not owners to represent other
    interests.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)—

    (a) if there are co-owners of a unit, only one of the co-
    owners shall be eligible

    (b) an owner who has not paid to the corporation the
    contribution due and owing in respect of his unit is not
    eligible for election to the board.

    Voting.

    1. At an election of members of the board, each person
      entitled to vote may vote for the same number of nominees as
      there are vacancies to be filled on the board.

    Term of
    Office.

    9.(1) Subject to paragraph (2), a member of the board shall
    be elected at an annual general meeting for a term of one year..
    (2) At the first meeting convened under section 27 of the
    Act—
    (a) not more than fifty per cent of the members of the
    board shall be elected for a term of one year; and
    (b) the balance of the members shall be elected for a term
    of two years.
    (3) Each member of the board shall remain in office until—
    (a) the office becomes vacant under by-law 9;
    (b) the member resigns;
    (c) the member is removed under by-law 11; or
    (d) his term of office expires,
    whichever comes first.

    Removal of a
    member of the
    Board.

    1. The corporation may by special resolution at a meeting
      remove a member of the board before the expiration of his
      term of office and appoint another individual in his place to
      hold that office for the remainder of the term.

    Vacating of
    the office of a
    member of the
    Board.

    1. The office of a member of the board is vacated if the
      member—
      (a) becomes bankrupt under the Insolvency Act, 2015;
      (b) is more than ninety days in arrears in payment of any
      contribution required to be made by him as an owner;
      (c) is the subject of a certificate of incapacity issued by a
      certified medical doctor;
      (d) is convicted of and is sentenced to imprisonment for an
      offence of more than six months
      (e) resigns his office by serving notice in writing on the
      corporation; or

    (f) is absent from more than three consecutive meetings of
    the board without written notification to the board and
    it is resolved at a subsequent meeting of the board that
    his office be vacated.
    (g) Dies.

    Vacancy.

    1. When a vacancy occurs on the board under by-law 9 and
      11 the board may appoint an individual to fill that office for
      the remainder of the term.

    Officers of the
    Corporation.

    13.(1) At the first meeting of the members of the board held
    after the meeting of the corporation at which they were elected,
    the board shall designate from its members a chairperson,
    vice-chairperson, secretary and treasurer of the corporation.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) the board may designate
    one person to fill the office of secretary and treasurer.
    (4) In addition to any other duties assigned to the officers by
    the board—
    (a) the chairperson or, in the event of his absence or
    disability the vice-chairman—
    (i) is responsible for the daily execution of the business
    of the corporation; and
    (ii) shall preside the meetings of the board;
    (b) the secretary or, in the event of his absence or
    disability another member of the board designated by
    the board—
    (i) shall record and maintain all the minutes of the
    board;
    (ii) is responsible for all the correspondence of the
    corporation;
    (iii) shall carry out his duties under the direction of the
    chairman and the board;
    (iv) shall give on behalf of the corporation and of the
    board all notices required to be given under the
    Act; and

    (v) shall call for nominations of candidates for
    election as members of the board;
    (c) the treasurer or, in the event of his absence or
    disability another member of the board designated by
    the board, shall—
    (i) receive all money paid to the corporation and
    deposit it as the board may direct;
    (ii) properly account for the funds of the corporation
    and keep such books as the board directs;
    (iii)present to the board when directed to do so by the
    board a full detailed account of receipts and
    disbursements of the corporation;
    (iv) prepare for submission at the annual general
    meeting—
    (A) a budget for the forthcoming fiscal year of the
    corporation; and
    (B) an audited statement for the most recently
    completed fiscal year of the corporation; and
    (v) notify owners of any contributions levied pursuant
    to this Act.

    (5) A person ceases to be an officer of the corporation if he
    ceases to be a member of the board.
    (6) If a person ceases to be an officer of the corporation, the
    board shall designate from its members a person to fill that
    office for the remainder of the term.
    (7) If a board consists of not more than three persons, those
    persons may perform the duties of the officers of the
    corporation in such manner as the board may direct.

    Majority vote
    and quorum of
    the Board.

    14.(1) At meetings of the board, all matters shall be
    determined by majority vote and in the event of a tie vote, the
    chairperson is entitled to a casting vote in addition to his
    original vote.

    (2) A quorum for a meeting of the board shall be of more
    than half of the members of the board.

    Written
    resolution.

    1. A written resolution of the board signed by the
      chairperson and the secretary of the board has the same effect
      as a resolution passed at a meeting of the board duly convened
      and held.

    Seal of the
    corporation.

    16.(1) The corporation shall have a corporate seal that shall
    not be used except—
    (a) under the authority of a resolution of the board;
    (b) in the presence of not less than two members of the
    board who shall sign the instrument to which the seal
    is affixed
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) above, if there are two
    members of the corporation, one member may be authorized
    by the board to use the seal and sign the instrument to which
    the seal is affixed.

    Signing
    authority.

    1. The board shall prescribe, by resolution—
      (a) those officers or other persons who are authorized to
      sign cheques, drafts, instruments and other documents
      not required to be signed under the seal; and
      (b) the manner, if any, in which the cheques, drafts,
      instruments and other documents are to be signed.

    Powers of the
    board.

    1. (1) The board shall—
      (a) meet at the request of the chairperson to conduct its
      business and adjourn and otherwise regulate its
      meetings;
      (b) meet when a member of the board gives to the other
      members not less than seven days notice of a meeting
      proposed by him specifying the reason for calling the
      meeting; and,
      (c) Where the Chairperson and the Vice-chairperson are
      not present at the meeting, the board members present
      will elect an interim chair for purposes of the meeting.

    (2) The board may employ on behalf of the corporation any
    agents and employees it thinks necessary to control, manage
    and administer the movable and immovable property of the
    corporation and the common property and in that respect may
    authorize those persons to exercise the powers of and carry out
    the duties of the corporation.
    (3) The board may, subject to any restriction imposed on it
    or direction given to it at a general meeting of the corporation
    delegate to any of its members any or all of its powers and
    duties as it thinks fit, and may at any time revoke that
    delegation.

    Duties of the
    board.

    1. The board shall—
      (a) cause proper books of account to be kept in respect of
      all money received and expended by it and the matters
      in respect of which the receipt and expenditure takes
      place;
      (b) prepare financial statements relating to all money of
      the corporation and the income and expenditures of the
      corporation for each annual general meeting;
      (c) maintain financial records of all the assets and
      liabilities of the corporation;
      (d) submit to the annual general meeting an annual report
      consisting of the financial statements and such other
      information as the board may determine or as may be
      directed by a resolution passed at a general meeting;
      (e) on the application of an owner or chargee of a unit (or
      of any person authorized in writing by him) make the
      books of account available for inspection at a
      reasonable fee at all reasonable times.

    Procedure at
    meetings

    1. All meetings of the board and general meetings shall be
      conducted according to the rules of procedure adopted by the
      board.
      extraordinary
      meeting.

    21.(1) The board—
    (a) shall, on the written request of the owners entitled to
    vote and who represent not less than twenty five per
    cent of the unit owners, convene a meeting; and

    (b) may, whenever it considers it proper to do so, convene
    a meeting.
    (2) If the board does not within twenty-one days after the
    date of the making of a requisition under paragraph (1)(a)
    proceed to convene an extraordinary general meeting, the
    requisition or any of them representing more than one-half of
    the aggregate unit entitlement of all of them, may themselves,
    in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which
    meetings are to be convened by the board, convene an
    extraordinary general meeting, but any meeting so convened
    shall not be held after the expiration of three months from the
    date on which the requisition was made.

    Notice of
    meeting.

    22.(1) When an annual general meeting or any other meeting
    is to be convened, the board shall, not less than twenty one
    days prior to the day on which the meeting is to be convened,
    give each owner written notice of the meeting stating—
    (a) the place, date and time at which the meeting is to be
    convened; and
    (b) the nature of any special business, if any, to be brought
    forth at the meeting.
    (2) On being notified by a chargee entitled to vote under
    section 24 of the Act that the charge wishes to be notified on
    meetings, the board shall give to that chargee the same notices
    required to be given to the owner under paragraph (1).
    (3) At annual general meeting or any other meeting or
    anything done at that meeting is not invalid by reason only that
    a person did not receive a notice given under paragraph (1) in
    respect of that meeting.

    Quorum at
    meeting of the
    corporation.

    23.(1) Except as otherwise provided by these by-laws, no
    business shall be transacted at an annual general meeting or
    any other meeting unless a quorum of persons entitled to vote
    are present or represented by proxy, at the time when the
    meeting commences.
    (2) A quorum for an annual general meeting or any other
    meeting consists of not less than twenty-five per cent of all the
    persons entitled to receive notice under by-law 22 being
    present in person or represented by proxy at that meeting.

    (3) If within thirty minutes from the time appointed for the
    commencement of an annual general meeting or any other
    meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting shall stand
    adjourned to the corresponding day in the next week at the
    same place and time and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum
    is not present within thirty minutes from the time appointed
    for the commencement of the meeting, the persons entitled to
    vote who are present or represented by proxy constitute a
    quorum for the purpose of that meeting.
    (4) Notwithstanding 3 above if the corresponding day
    following the adjournment is public holiday, the meeting shall
    be held on the day before the public holiday.

    Procedure at
    meeting of the
    corporation.

    24.(1) The chairperson or, in the event of his absence or
    disability, the vice-chairperson or other officer , shall preside
    at the annual general meeting or at any other meeting.
    (2) The order of business at an annual general meeting and,
    as far as practicable at any other meeting, shall be as follows—
    (a) call to order by the chairperson;
    (b) call of the roll and certification of proxies;
    (c) reading of notice of the meeting;
    (d) Adoption of the agenda
    (e) confirmation of previous minutes and matters arising
    (f) reports from officers;
    (g) reports from committees (if any);
    (h) presentation of the audited accounts;
    (i) Passing of resolutions
    (j) new business
    (k) election of members of the board;
    (l) Any other business
    (m)Closing of the meeting.

    Voting. 25.(1) At an annual general meeting or at any other meeting a
    resolution shall be voted on by a show of hands unless a poll
    is demanded by a person entitled to vote and present in person
    or by proxy, and unless a poll is so demanded, a declaration by
    the chairman that a resolution has on the show of hands been
    carried is conclusive proof of the fact without proof of the
    number of proportion of votes recorded in favour of or against
    resolution.
    (2) If a person demands a poll, that person may withdraw that
    demand and on the demand being withdrawn the vote shall be
    taken by a show of hands.
    (3) A poll, if demanded, shall be conducted in a manner
    directed by the chairman, and the result of the poll shall be
    deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll
    was demanded.
    (4) In the case of a tie in a vote taken at an annual general
    meeting or at any other meeting, whether on a show of hands
    or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting is entitled to a casting
    vote in addition to his original vote.

    Number of
    votes.

    26.(1) If a vote is taken by a show of hands, each person
    entitled to vote has one vote.
    (2) If a vote is taken by a poll, the number of votes that a
    person may cast shall correspond to the unit factors for the
    respective units represented by that person.

    Votes at an
    annual general
    meeting or
    other meeting.

    1. Except for matters requiring a special resolution or
      unanimous resolution, all matters shall be determined by a
      majority vote.

    Manner of
    voting.

    1. On a show of hands or on a poll, votes cast may be given
      either personally or by proxy.

    Appointment
    of proxy.

    1. An instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing in
      form [ ] under the hand of the person making the appointment
      or of his duly appointed attorney, and may be either general or
      for a particular meeting, but a proxy need not be an owner.

    Restriction on
    voting.

    30.(1) Except as provided for in paragraph (2) of this by-law
    or section 24 of the Act, there are no restrictions or limitations

    on an owner’s right to vote at an annual general meeting or at
    any other meeting.
    (2) If, at the time of an annual general meeting or of any
    other meeting an owner has not paid to the corporation all
    contributions that are due and owing in respect of his unit, that
    owner shall be ineligible to cast a vote at that meeting in
    respect of any resolution other than a special resolution or a
    unanimous resolution.
    (3) An owner’s ineligibility to cast a vote does not affect the
    right of the chargee first entitled in priority in respect of a
    charge registered against the title of that owner’s unit to vote
    in accordance with the Act.

    Vote by co-
    owners.

    31.(1)If a unit is owned by more than one person, those co-
    owners may vote personally or by proxy and—

    (a) in the case of a vote taken by a show of hands, those
    co-owners are entitled to one vote between them; and
    (b) in the case of a vote taken by a poll, a co-owner is
    entitled to the portion of the vote applicable to the unit
    as is proportionate to his interest in the unit.
    (2) A co-owner may demand that a poll be taken.

    Signed
    resolution
    majority vote.

    1. If a resolution of the members of the corporation requires
      a majority vote, that resolution signed in person or by proxy
      by all the persons who, at a properly convened annual general
      meeting or other meeting, would be entitled to vote, has the
      same effect as a resolution duly passed at the meeting.

    Capital
    replacement
    reserve fund.

    33.(1) The board shall establish and maintain a fund to be
    called the “Capital Replacement Reserve Fund” to be used for
    the repair or replacement of—
    (a) immovable and movable property owned by the
    corporation; and
    (b) the common property,
    when the repair or replacement does not occur annually.

    (2) The board may by resolution determine the amount that
    may be paid from the Capital Replacement Reserve Fund in
    respect of any single item of expenditure.

    Amendment
    of by-laws.

    1. Notwithstanding by-law 20, if a by-law is to be amended,
      replaced or repealed, the persons entitled to vote shall be given
      written copies of the text of the proposed amendment, repeal
      or replacement not less than fourteen days prior to the day on
      which the special resolution is to be voted on.

    Restrictions in
    use.

    35.(1) In this by-law—
    (a) “occupant” means a person present in a unit or in
    or on the immovable or movable property of the
    corporation or the common property with the
    permission of an owner;
    (b) “owner”includes a tenant.

    (2) An owner shall not—
    (a) use or enjoy the immovable or movable property of the
    corporation or the common property in such a manner
    as to interfere unreasonably with its use and enjoyment
    by other owners or the occupants;
    (b) use his unit in a manner or for a purpose that will or
    may cause a nuisance or hazard to any other owner or
    occupant;
    (c) use his unit for any purpose (illegal otherwise) which
    may be injurious to the reputation of the property;
    (d) make undue noise in his unit or on or about any
    immovable property property of the corporation or the
    common property;
    (e) keep an animal in his unit or in the immovable property
    of the corporation or the common property after a date
    specified in a notice given to him by the board;
    (f) use his unit for any other use other than that indicated
    in the sectional plan;

    (g) do anything in respect of his unit or the immovable or
    movable property of the corporation or the common
    property or bring or keep anything on it that will in any
    way increase the risk of fire or result in an increase of
    any insurance premiums payable by the corporation;
    (h) use a toilet, sink, tub, drain, or other plumbing fixture
    for a purpose other than that for which it is constructed;
    (i) hang or place on the immovable property of the
    corporation or the common property or within a unit
    anything that is, in the opinion of the board
    aesthetically unpleasing when viewed from outside the
    units;
    (j) leave articles belonging to his household on the
    immovable property of the corporation or the common
    property when those articles are not in actual use;
    (k) obstruct a sidewalk, walkway, passage, driveway or
    parking area other than for ingress and egress to and
    from his unit;
    (l) use any portion of the immovable property of the
    corporation or the common property except in
    accordance with the by-laws;
    (m)use as fuel any substance or material which may give
    rise to smoke or fumes or obnoxious smells; or
    (n) throw or allow to fall, any refuse or rubbish of any
    description on the common property or any part thereof
    except in refuse bins maintained by him or in refuse
    chutes provided in the building.
    (3) An owner shall—
    (a) ensure that any occupant of his unit complies with the
    requirements of paragraph(2) as if he was the unit
    owner;
    (b) take all reasonable steps to ensure that his visitors do
    not behave in a manner likely to interfere with the
    peaceful enjoyment of the owner, occupier or other
    resident of any other unit or of any person lawfully
    using the common property; and

    (c) take all reasonable steps to ensure that his visitors
    comply with any by-laws of the corporation relating to
    the parking of motor vehicles.
    (4) An owner may, without obtaining the consent of the
    corporation paint, wall paper or otherwise decorate the
    structure which forms the inner surface of the boundary of his
    unit or office locking devices, flyscreens, furnishings,
    furniture, carpets and other similar things to that surface, if and
    so long as such action does not unreasonably damage the
    common property.

    Internal
    Disputes
    Resolution
    Committee

    1. (1) Pursuant to Section 20(6) of the Act, the corporation
      shall constitute an Internal Disputes Resolution Committee
      on a need basis to hear disputes whenever they arise.
      (2) The Committee shall comprise not less than 3 members
      and not more than 5 members of the Corporation.

    (3) The Board shall appoint the Chairperson and the
    Secretary to the Committee.
    (4) The committee shall sit and dispense on the matter within
    reasonable timelines as directed by the board.
    (5) Where the dispute is brought against the Board or a
    member of the Board, a board member who may have been
    appointed to the committee shall excuse themselves.
    (6) The Committee shall hear and determine the matter
    within timelines specified and communicate its determination
    to the disputing parties with a copy being given to the board

    (7) The committee shall have powers to summon parties
    involved in the dispute.
    (8) The committee shall provide a written notice of not less
    than 7 days when such summons are given.

    (9) Where a party fails to appear after being summoned, the
    committee shall proceed to determine the matter and give its
    verdict.

    (10) Where a party is aggrieved by the decision of the
    committee they may seek other legal redress mechanisms.
    (11) The committee in its deliberations shall ensure
    impartiality in determining the matter brought before it and
    give every member a fair hearing.

    Acceptance 37. We the undersigned Executive members of the Board of
    Owners Sectional Plan No[ ] Corporation do hereby accept and
    receive these by-laws for and on behalf of the Corporation.
    TITLE NAME I.D NO. SIGNATURE
    CHAIRMAN:
    ……………………………………………………………………
    ……………
    VICE CHARIMAN:
    ……………………………………………………………………………
    ….
    SECRETARY:
    ……………………………………………………………………………
    ……..
    TREASURER:
    ………………………………………………………………………………….

    OFFICIAL CERTIFICATION
    I CERTIFY that the foregoing by-laws of the Owners Sectional
    Plan No[ ]Corporation have been approved and duly
    registered.
    Given under my hand at ………this ………… Day of
    ………………. 20…….

    …………………………………..
    Registrar
    [ ]Land Registry

    Made on the ……………………………………, 2021

    FARIDA KARONEY,
    Cabinet Secretary for Lands and Physical Planning.

    SCHEDULE

    FORMS

    Forms

    Form SP 1 [Regulation 2 ]
    APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF CORPORATION
    To the Land Registrar
    ………………………………………………..Land Registry.
    I/We, the owner(s) of Units built on land parcel no. ………………………………………………………………………
    on this ……………………day of ……………20……………
    hereby apply for registration of Corporation for Sectional Property within the said land parcel.
    My/Our details are as follows:
    Name ID/PP No Unit No. Address Signature
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..

    SECTIONAL PLAN REGISTER

    Form SP2
    [Regulation 2]

    …………………….UNITS

    SECTIONAL PLAN NO. …………………..

    Edition PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened Particulars of Sectional Property
    Registration Section

    Lessor………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    Lessee……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    User………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

    Rent………………………………….Term……………………..From………………………………………
    Easements……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

    For Appurtenance See Registered Lease

    Parcel Number

    (Orig. Parcel no.
    )
    Approximate Area
    in hectares
    No. of Units……
    Cadastral Map
    Sheet No…………..

    Cadastral Plan No.
    …………………

    Form SP 3 [Regulation 2]

    CORPORATION REGISTER

    S/No. Name
    of
    Corpora
    tion
    Postal and
    E-mail
    Addresses
    Registra
    tion
    Number
    Land
    Registratio
    n Unit

    Count
    y

    Sub-
    County

    Title
    Number
    Unit
    Numb
    ers
    Membe
    rship

    1.
    2.
    3.

    Form SP 4 [Regulation 2]

    CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION

    This is to certify that the Owners, Sectional plan No……………. in the County of ……….. has been
    duly registered as a corporation on this …………..day of………………20…… under my hand and the
    seal of …………………………………….Land Registry.

    …………………

    Land Registrar

    Form SP 5 [Regulation 2]
    UNIT REGISTER (FREEHOLD)
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened:

    User:…………………………………..

    Nature of Title

    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One Ten
    Thousandth Shares in the Common
    Property Therein

    Freeehold

    Approximate Unit Floor
    Area……………..m2
    (Original Parcel/Unit
    Number…………………)

    Sectional Plan Number

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION

    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered
    Proprietor

    Address or
    Description of
    Reg. Proprietor

    Consideration and
    Remarks

    Signature of the
    Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION

    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    Form SP 6 [Regulation 2]

    UNIT REGISTER (LEASEHOLD)
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened: Easement, etc Nature of Title
    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One
    Ten Thousandth Shares in the
    Common Property Therein

    Lessor………………………………..
    Lessee……………………………….
    Rent……………….. User……………….
    Term…………………….Years…………..
    From……………………………………….

    Leasehold

    Approximate Unit Floor
    Area……………..m2
    (Original Parcel/Unit Number……………)
    Sectional Plan Number

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION
    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered
    Proprietor

    Address or
    Description of
    Reg. Proprietor

    Consideration and
    Remarks

    Signature of the
    Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION

    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    Form SP7 [Regulation 3]

    CERTIFICATE OF TITLE FOR SECTIONAL PROPERTY

    Title Number………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    Unit Number…………….and………………one ten thousandth shares in the common property herein.
    Approximate Unit Floor Area………………………m2 User…………………………………………………………………….
    Sectional Plan No. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    is (are) now registered as the absolute owner(s) of the freehold interest comprised in the above
    mentioned title, subject to such of the overriding interests set out in section 28 of the Land Registration
    Act as may for the time being subsist and affect the unit.
    GIVEN under my hand and seal of the………………………………………………………………………………Land Registry
    this …………………day of………………………20………………..
    ……………………………………………….
    Land Registrar
    At the date stated on the front hereof, the following appeared in the register relating to the unit:
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened: Easement, etc Nature of Title
    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One Ten
    Thousandth Shares in the Common
    Property Therein Freehold
    Approximate Unit Floor Area……………..m2

    (Original Parcel/Unit
    Number…………………)
    Sectional Plan Number…………………..

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION
    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered Unit
    Owners

    Address and
    Description of
    Registered Unit
    Owner

    Consideration
    and Remarks

    Signature of
    Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION
    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    Form SP8 [Regulation 3]

    CERTIFICATE OF LEASE FOR SECTIONAL PROPERTY

    Title Number ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    Unit Number………………….and……………………………..one ten thousandth shares in the common property
    herein
    Approximate Unit Floor Area………………………m2
    User………………………………………………………………………………………………..Rent…………………………………………..
    Term…………………………………………………..Years from………………………………………………………………………………
    Sectional Plan No ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    is (are) now registered as the unit owner(s) of the leasehold interest comprised in the above mentioned
    title, subject to such of the overriding interests set out in section 28 of the Land Registration Act as may
    for the time being subsist and affect the unit.
    GIVEN under my hand and seal of the………………………………………………………………………………Land Registry
    this …………………day of………………………20………………..
    …………………………………………………….
    Land Registrar

    At the date stated on the front hereof, the following appeared in the register relating to the unit:
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened: Easement, etc Nature of Title
    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One
    Ten Thousandth Shares in the Common
    Property Therein

    Lessor………………………………..
    Lessee……………………………….
    User………………………………Rent………..
    Term…………………….Years
    From……………………………………….

    Leasehold

    Approximate Unit Floor
    Area……………..m2
    (Original Parcel/Unit
    Number………………)
    Sectional Plan Number

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION
    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION
    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered Unit
    Owners

    Address and
    Description of
    Registered Unit
    Owner

    Consideration
    and Remarks

    Signature of
    Registrar

    Form SP 9 [Regulation 11 ]

    APPLICATION FOR ENDORSEMENT BY COUNTY GOVERNMENT
    (To be submitted to appropriate County Government in Triplicate)

    To;
    County Executive Committee Member
    (Responsible for Approval of Building Plans)
    COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF …………………………………………………
    I/We hereby apply for the endorsement of the Sectional Plan in respect of building developed on parcel
    No: ……………………………………………………………… (Original Parcel
    no:………………………………………………………………………………………..) to confirm its conformity with the building
    plan.
    Owner:…………………………………………………….
    Address…………………………………………………..

    Applicant …………………………………………………………………………………………
    Address ……………………………………………………………………………
    Signature ……………………………………………………………………………
    Date:…………………………………

    Form SP 10 [Regulation 13(1)]
    SCHEDULE OF UNIT FACTORS
    Unit Number User Approximate
    Floor Area m2 Unit Factor

    Form SP 11 [Section 13(2)
    Total 10,000

    DERIVATION OF UNIT FACTORS
    There appears to be no prescribed formula for allocating unit factors or unit entitlement. Its
    determination is based on unit floor area or on the selling/ value of the unit or on location/position of
    the unit or on combination of these factors. Whatever method is used, it is important that the unit
    factors are made equitable.
    Generally the method based on Unit floor area is commonly used and it is recommended that until
    such a time as other considerations will come to play, we base our unit factor determination on floor
    areas of the units.
    For units numbered 1,2,3 and 4 in a sectional property building of floor areas a,b,c and d square
    metres respectively the corresponding unit factors shall be:
    Unit 1:
    a
    ∑ A
    X 10,000
    Unit 2:
    b
    ∑ A
    X 10,000 etc
    Where ∑ A=a+b+c+d, ie, sum of the floor areas of all the units in the building(s).
    Since a/∑ A or b/∑ A will be a fraction cumbersome to work with in ordinary life, the figure of 10,000
    is used in the multiplication purely for the convenience of obtaining whole numbers for the units.
    Also since in a given situation ∑ A is a constant the sum of all the derived units factors should, in the
    rounding up/down of the figures be equal to 10,000.
    In the sectional plan of sub-division or consolidation, the unit factor or factors for the unit or units in
    the original sectional plan that are included in the sub-division or consolidation shall be apportioned
    among the newly created units or unit-section 12(4) of the Act.
    Important role of the unit factors necessitates accurate determination of the unit floor areas based on
    precise measurements of unit boundaries.

    Form SP 12 [Regulation 14(f)]
    LEGEND
    A legend is to explain, among other items, the boundaries of the units, unit measurements, building
    locations and dimensions. An example of a typical legend is as follows:
     All building location dimensions are perpendicular to the property lines unless otherwise shown
    (radical tie distances if used should be specified (R))
     All building location dimensions and exterior building dimensions are to the exterior of the
    concrete foundation walls (or to the exterior surface walls or an inset may be drawn to show
    clearly the point of measurement)
     The boundary of any unit with common property is the undecorated interior surface of the unit
    floor, wall or ceiling as the case may be (or is as stipulated in section 6(1) of the Sectional
    Properties Act and illustrated thus………………………………………………………..)
     All unit dimensions and floor areas are measured to the undecorated interior surface of the unit
    at floor level.
    Or
     All major plumbing, electrical, mechanical and structural facilities passing through or existing
    within unit boundaries that are required for the operation and support of the main building are
    common property.
     Balconies and patios designated B1, etc and P1, etc respectively are common property that may
    be leased to the owner of the unit pursuant to section 22 and 23 of the Sectional Properties Act
    ( and /or exclusive possession areas are common property and delineated
    thus………………………………………………………..and /or all carports are denoted C15 delineated
    thus ………………………………………………………………………………………………… and/or are exclusive
    possession common property and may be leased or otherwise granted by the corporation to a
    unit owner pursuant to section 22 & 23 of the Act.

    Form SP 13 [Regulation 17]
    CONSENT OF UNIT OWNER(S) FOR SUB-DIVISION OR CONSOLIDATION OF A SECTIONAL PLAN
    Reference is made to an application by …………………………………………………………. the registered owner(s) of
    unit(s) number ………………… for Sub-Division / Consolidation of the unit(s).

    I/We, …………………………………………………………. of Post Office Box Number ………….. – ……………, ………………….
    being the registered owner(s) of the below listed unit(s) HEREBY CONSENT to Sub-Division / Consolidation
    of the units. I/We further confirm and undertake that in the event of the Commission exercising its
    statutory power of sale we shall issue a Share Certificate in favour of the Purchaser.

    No. Name of Unit Owner ID/PP No. Unit No. Postal Address E-mail Address
    Signature Date

    1. ………………………………………….. ………………………….. ……………… ………………… ………..
    2. ………………….. ……………… …………………………………….. ……………………………… ………………………..
    3. ……………………….. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………..

    Form SP 14 [Regulation 19(1)]
    APPLICATION FOR CONVERSION OF SUB-LEASES/LONG-TERM LEASES
    To the Land Registrar
    …………………………………………………..Land Registry.
    I/We, the owner(s) of Units built on land parcel no. ……………………………………………………………………… on
    this ……………………day of ……………20……………
    hereby apply for registration and issuance of certificates of lease/title under the Sectional Properties
    Act.
    The following documents are enclosed.
    Document/Instrument Number
    (where applicable)

    confirmed

    1 Sectional Plan
    2 Sub-leases/Long-term leases
    3 Original Title of the land parcel
    4
    5

    My/Our details are as follows
    Name ID/PP No Unit No. Address Signature
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..

    Form SP 15 [Regulation 22(1)]

    INTENTION TO RENT NOTICE TO CORPORATION

    To;
    (Name of Corporation)
    I/We ………………………………… the owner(s) of Unit No. …….. intend(s) to rent out my unit and for purposes
    of service of a notice under Regulation 23, please use:
    NAME…………………………………..
    TEL:……………………………………
    E-mail:…………………………………..
    P.O. Box………………………………..

    I hereby give my undertaking that I shall be liable for any damages caused by the tenant.
    (Signed)
    Name of Owner(s)

    Form SP 16 [Regulation 22(2)]

    TENANCY NOTICE TO CORPORATION

    To;
    (Name of Corporation)
    I/We ………………………………… the owner(s) of Unit No. …….. have entered into a tenancy agreement with
    the person whose details are as hereunder:
    NAME (of tenant)…………………………………..
    TEL:……………………………………
    E-mail:…………………………………..
    P.O. Box………………………………..
    (Signed)
    Name of Owner(s)

    Form SP 17 [Regulation 23(1)]
    CORPORATION NOTICE TO UNIT OWNER: TENANT IN BREACH OF BY-LAWS

    To;
    Name……………………
    Owner Unit No…………….
    This is to notify you pursuant Section 45 of the Sectional Properties Act, 2020 that the tenant currently
    in occupation of Unit No. ….. has caused the contravention/ has contravened the by-laws by:

    1. …………………………………………………………………..
    2. …………………………………………………………………..

    Please take necessary action to ensure compliance within ………………. days from the date hereof.
    If necessary action is not taken within the period specified, a vacation notice shall be issued to the
    tenant pursuant to Section 46(2) of the Sectional Properties Act, 2020 without further reference to you.
    (signed)
    (name of person signing)
    FOR: (Name of Corporation)

    Form SP 18 [Regulation 23(2)]
    VACATION NOTICE TO TENANTBY CORPORATION

    To
    (Name & address of tenant)
    Unit No………………………….
    This is to notify you that you are required to vacate Unit No. ……… pursuant to Section 46(2) of the
    Sectional Properties Act, 2020 within ………….. days from the date hereof having caused the
    contravention/contravened the by-laws by:

    1. …………………………………………………………………..
    2. …………………………………………………………………..
    3. ………………………………………………………………….
      TAKE NOTE that the Corporation shall take all necessary action to ensure compliance of this notice upon
      expiry of the specified period.
      (signed)
      (name of person signing)
      FOR: (Name of Corporation)

    Form SP 19 [Regulation 24(1)]
    PUBLIC NOTICE ON THE TERMINATION OF SECTIONAL STATUS

    Whereas Owners of Sectional Plan No………………of P.O Box in the Republic of Kenya, are registered as
    proprietors in absolute or leasehold interest of all the Units numbered (in the format: Registration
    Unit/Block no./parcel no./unit no.s)………………………………………………………….. situated in the County
    of……………………..Whereas evidence has been adduced to show that a unanimous resolution of the owners
    has been reached to terminate the sectional status, notice is given that after the expiration of ninety days
    (90) from the date hereof I shall terminate the sectional status provided that no objection has been
    received within that period.
    Dated the……..day of………..20………
    ……………………………………
    Land Registrar

    Form SP 20 [Regulation 26]

    NOTICE OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS

    The Owners, Sectional Plan No…………………………………………………………………hereby give notice that by a
    resolution of the Board dated ……………………………………………..it has designated
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    as the address at which documents may be served on the Corporation.
    Dated this………………………………………………………….day of ………………………………….20……………………
    The Seal of the Owners, Sectional Plan No……………………………………was affixed on …………………………………
    in the presence of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    ………………………………………………..
    Members of the Board

    Form SP 21 [Regulation 27]

    NOTICE OF CHANGE OF BOARD

    The Owners, Section Plan No…………………………………hereby gives notice that on the
    ……………………………day of ……………………………..20……………………the following persons were appointed
    members of the Board of the Owners, Sectional Plan No………………………………………………………………..
    Name ID No Address
    …………………………………………………… ………………………… ……………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………… ………………………… …………………………………………………….
    Notice is also given that on the ………………………………….day of …………………………………..20………………… the
    following persons ceased to hold office as members of the Board:
    Name ID No Address
    ………………………………………………….. …………………… ……………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………. …………………… …………………………………………………………
    The members of the Board are as of this date:
    Name ID No Address
    ………………………………………………….. …………………… …………………………………………………..
    ………………………………………………….. …………………… ……………………………………………….
    Dated this ……………………………………….day of …………………………………………20………………..
    The Owners, Sectional Plan No…………………………………………..was affixed on ……………………………………..in
    the presence of……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………
    Members of the Board

    Form SP 22 [Regulation 28]
    NOTICE OF CHANGE OF BOARD MEMBERSHIP ON EXIT OF UNIT OWNER
    The Owners, Section Plan No…………………………………hereby gives notice that on the
    ……………………………day of ……………………………..20……………………the following persons exited the
    corporation .
    Name ID No Unit No. Address
    …………………………………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………………………
    …………………………………………………… ………………… …………………… ………………………………….
    …………………………………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………………………
    …………………………………………………… ………………… …………………… ………………………………….
    The following person(s) joined the Corporation in place of those who exited.
    Name ID No Unit No. Address
    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… ………………………………………..
    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… ……………………………………….

    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… …………………………………..
    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… ……………………………….
    Dated this ……………………………………….day of …………………………………………20………………..
    The Seal of The Owners, Sectional Plan No…………………………………………..was affixed on
    ……………………………………..in the presence
    of……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………
    Members of the Board

    E SECTIONAL PROPERTIES ACT

    (No. 21 of 2020)

    IN EXERCISE of the powers conferred by section 59 of the Sectional Properties Act,
    2020, the Cabinet Secretary for Lands and Physical Planning makes the following Regulations─

    THE SECTIONAL PROPERTIES REGULATIONS,

    2021

    Citation.

    1. These Regulations maybe cited as the Sectional Properties
      Regulations, 2021.

    Registration
    of sectional
    plans.
    LN 278/2017

    2.(1) A person who wishes to register a sectional plan in
    accordance with section 4 of the Act shall apply for
    registrationin Form LRA 9 set out in the Sixth Schedule to the
    Land Registration (General) Regulations, 2017.
    (2) The application under paragraph (1) shall be
    accompanied by─
    (a) the original certificate of title or lease to the parcel in
    respect of which the sectional plan is made; and
    (b) an application for the registration of the corporation in
    Form SP1 set out in the Schedule.
    (3) The registrar shall consider an applications made under
    (1) and (2)(b) and pursuant to section 5(1)(a) of the Act
    proceed to close the register of the parcel described in it and─
    (a) register the sectional plan in a Sectional Plan Register
    kept in Form SP2 set out in the Schedule; and
    (b) register the Corporation in the Corporation Register in
    Form SP3 set out in the Schedule and issue a
    registration certificate for the Corporation in Form SP4
    set out in the schedule.
    (4) Subject to the Sectional Plan Register opened under
    paragraph (3), the Registrar shall open Unit Registers in form
    SP5 set out in the Schedule if the parcel is freehold, and Unit

    Registers in Form SP6 set out in the Schedule if the parcel is
    a leasehold.
    (5) The Registrar shall issue certificates of title and a
    certificates of lease for every respective unit Register for
    freehold and Unit Register for leasehold opened under
    paragraph (4), in Form SP7 and SP8 set out in the Schedule.

    LN 278/2017

    (6) Provisions of the Land Registration (General)
    Regulations 2017 on circumstances under which the Registrar
    may reject a defective instrument for registration and right to
    appeal thereof shall apply to both application for registration
    of a Sectional Plan and that of a Corporation.

    Recording of
    the particulars
    of sectional
    plans.

    3.(1) The Registrar shall record in the Sectional Plan Register
    kept under regulation 2(4) particulars of all the sectional plans
    as registered under the Act.
    (2) Every registered sectional plan shall be allocated a
    progressive number by which it may be identified in the
    Sectional Plan Register.

    Submission of
    sectional plan
    to county
    governments

    1. Pursuant to section 9(2) of the Act, the registrar shall upon
      registration of a sectional plan submit to the county
      government of the area in which the parcel is located a copy
      of the sectional plan.

    Execution of
    instruments.

    1. The provisions of sections 44 and 45 of the Land
      Registration Act and the Land Registration (General)
      Regulations, 2017 on the execution and verification of
      instruments shall apply on instruments specified under this Act
      and registered under Land Registration Act.

    Fees.

    1. The fees payable for any procedure or function under the
      Act shall be the fees prescribed under the Land Registration
      Act, 2021.

    Power of
    attorney.

    1. All powers of attorney registered under the Land
      Registration Act shall be deemed to be powers registered
      under this Act where applicable.

    Sectional
    plan.

    1. A plan to be presented for registration as a sectional plan,
      a sectional plan of sub-division or as a sectional plan of
      consolidation shall—

    (a) be drawn in waterproof ink, on tracing linen or
    polyester film or such other material that is of size and
    nature that is acceptable to the Director of Surveys;
    (b) be prepared in sheets, each sheet of the plan being
    endorsed in the upper right hand corner with the words
    “Sheet of Sheets” with the appropriate numbers filled
    in; and
    (c) consist of—
    (i) the first sheet on which are set out matters
    prescribed by section 9 and 11 of the Act; and
    (ii) further sheets containing such elevations, sections,
    plans diagrams and other information required
    under section 9 of the Act.

    The signing
    and
    endorsement
    of sheets.

    9.(1) The first sheet of the plan shall before it is presented for
    registration, be signed by—
    (a) a surveyor ;
    (b) the County Government; and
    (c) the owner of the property,
    and be submitted to the authority responsible for survey for
    authentication.
    (2) An application for endorsement by the County
    Government under section 11 of the Act shall be made in Form
    SP 9 set out in the Schedule.
    (3) where the sectional plan is in conformity with the
    building and archtechtural plans, the County government shall
    endorse on the face of the sectional plan.

    Requirements
    of
    plan sheets.

    10.(1) The sheets required by section 9(1)(b) and (d) of the
    Act shall respectively bear the statements “Site and Building
    Location Plan” and “Floor Plan” and shall—
    (a) be drawn with the north point directed upwards and
    parallel to the sides of the plan form; and

    (b) be to a scale, selected from the standard scales
    tabulated in regulation 89 of the Survey Regulations
    which will allow all details and notations to be clearly
    shown and that the area of a unit shall not be less than
    five square cm.
    (2) Every detail shown on a plan shall be distinct, and the
    cramping of figures shall be avoided

    Expression of
    words, letters,
    figures and
    symbols.

    11.All words, letters, figures and symbols appearing on the
    sectional plan, shall, except where the Authority Responsible
    for Survey otherwise approves, be—
    (a) shown in capital letters;
    (b) open in formation and construction; and
    (c) drawn in an upright style.

    Illustration of
    units on a
    floor plan.

    12.(1) Every floor plan of a sectional plan presented for
    registration shall illustrate the units which shall be numbered
    consecutively commencing with the first unit and terminating
    with a unit number to correspond to the total number of units
    comprised in the parcel.
    (2) Where a numbered unit is shown as consisting of more
    than one part, each part shall be described as part of that
    numbered unit.
    (3) In a plan presented for registration as a sectional plan of
    sub-division or sectional plan of consolidation, the original
    unit shall be cancelled in the existing sectional plan and the
    new unit shall be numbered consecutively, the lowest new unit
    number being greater by one than the highest number in the
    existing sectional plan.

    Expression of
    units.

    13.(1) The schedule specifying the unit number, unit factor,
    the approximate floor area and user for each unit expressed in
    square metres, for the purposes of section 9(1)(f) of the Act
    shall be in form SP 10 set out in the Schedule.
    (2) To each unit there shall be assigned a unit factor as shown
    in form SP 11 set out in the schedule so that the total of the
    unit factors for all units in the parcel is equal to ten thousand.

    Matters to be
    set out in a
    site and

    14.(1) A site and building location plan presented in support
    of a sectional plan or a sectional plan of subdivision or

    building
    location plan.

    sectional plan of consolidation shall in addition to matters
    referred to in regulation 11(c)(i) set out—
    (a) abutting boundaries, co-ordinates of beacons, lengths
    and bearings of the external boundaries of the parcel as
    required by regulations 91 and 92 of the Survey
    Regulations;
    (b) the georeferenced external limits of the building, the
    building dimensions and the tie line measurements
    relating the building to the parcel boundary;
    (c) any subsisting assessment or utility rights of way;
    (d) where any encroachment exists in respect of a wall, the
    relationship of the inner surface of the wall to parcel
    boundary beyond which the wall encroaches;
    (e) exclusive possession areas and extent of the common
    property area; and
    (f) a legend to explain, among other items, the boundaries
    of the units, unit measurements, building locations,
    dimensions and symbols, as shown in the relevant form
    in the Third Schedule.
    (2) Building dimension and tie measurements shall be
    recorded to 0.01 of a metre.
    (3) The areas of a unit shall be recorded to 0.1 square metre.

    Notification
    of subdivision
    and
    illustration of
    units.

    15.(1) Before registering a sectional plan of subdivision of a
    unit or units, the Registrar shall cause to be—
    (a) endorsed on the original registered sectional plan, a
    notification of the subdivision; and
    (b) indicated on the diagram in the original registered
    sectional plan, illustrating the unit or units being
    subdivided that the unit or units are subdivided.

    Notification
    of
    consolidation
    and
    illustration of
    units.

    16.(1) Before registering a sectional plan of consolidating of
    a unit or units, the Registrar shall cause to be—

    (a) endorsed on the original registered sectional plan a
    notification of the consolidation; and
    (b) indicated on the diagram in the original registered
    sectional plan, illustrating the unit or units being
    consolidated that the unit or units are consolidated.

    Incidental
    rights

    1. Where the sub-division of a unit or consolidation of units
      is likely to affect incidental rights of any unit owner in respect
      of common property and all other rights appurtenant as

    provided under section 7 of the Act, a sectional plan for sub-
    division or Consolidation in that respect shall not be registered

    unless an affected owner gives consent in form SP12 set out
    in the schedule

    Addition of
    continuation
    sheets.

    18.(1) The Registrar may add continuation sheets to a
    sectional plan register on which may be made any
    endorsement, registration memorandum, notification or other
    entry that is to be or may be made on the register.
    (2) Each such sheet added to the register by the Registrar
    pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—
    (a) be numbered consecutively; and
    (b) be signed by the Registrar.

    Conversion to
    units.

    19.(1) Pursuant to section 13(2) of the Act a registered
    proprietor of a parcel or a developer making an application for
    conversion of longterm leases to sectional units shall submit a
    sectional plan for registration to the registrar in form SP 13 set
    out in the schedule.
    (2) Where the management company has custody of the
    parcel title or where the developer has failed to make an
    application under paragraph (1) above, the management shall
    submit a sectional plan for registration in terms of paragraph
    (1).
    (3) Where the registered proprietor or the management
    company as the case may be fails to make the application
    under paragraph (1) or (2), the unit owners shall submit a
    sectional plan for registration in terms of paragraph (1).

    (4) The registrar shall dispense with the production of the
    title to the parcel in applications made under paragraphs (2)
    and (3).
    (5) Where a property is charged, the application in paragraph
    (1) shall be made by the proprietor but shall be submitted by
    the encumbrancer or appointed representative for issuance of
    a new title noted with the encumbrances, to the encumbrancer.
    (6) Failure by a registered proprietor of a parcel, a developer,
    a management company or an owner of a unit to submit a
    sectional plan for registration to the registrar shall not
    invalidate the security held by the encumbrancer.
    (7) In the event of the chargee exercising its statutory power
    of sale, the Registrar shall issue a new title in the name of the
    transferee upon registration of transfer by chargee.

    Documents to
    accompany an
    application for
    conversion.

    20.(1) The following documents will accompany an
    application for conversion─
    (a) sectional Plan;
    (b) sublease/long-term lease;
    (c) the parcel title and/or a Copy of the parcel title;
    (2) Where the original title is not available─
    (a) an indemnity in cases where the management company
    or owners of the units are unable to avail the original
    title to the parcel; refer to Regulation 27 and 28 of LRA
    (general) regulations 2017;
    (3) The registrar shall issue a notice to be published in the
    Gazette calling for the title for purpose of conversion.
    (4) At the expiry of sixty days from the date of notice, if the
    title is not availed, the registrar shall proceed to close the
    parcel register and register the sectional plan.

    No. 3 of 2012

    (5) The registrar shall register the sectional plan and issue
    the owners of the unit with certificate of title/lease in
    accordance with section 54(5) of the Land Registration Act,
    2012.

    Amendment
    of by-laws.

    21.(1) where the corporation deems it necessary to amend its
    bylaws pursuant to section 29 of the Act, the amended copy
    shall be filed with the registrar who shall note on the sectional
    plan if satisfied that the amendments are in conformity with
    the Act.
    (2) On noting amendment of the bylaws in paragraph (1),
    the Registrar shall endorse on the relevant corporation register
    a notification which shall—
    (a) contain any particulars the Registrar directs; and
    (b) be signed by the Registrar.

    Notice by
    owner

    1. (1) An owner desiring to rent his unit shall notify the
      corporation in form14 set out in the schedule wherein he shall
      provide his address for effecting a notice under Regulation 23.
      (2) upon renting the unit, the owner shall within 21 days from
      commencement of the tenancy notify the corporation of the
      name of tenant residing in the unit in form15 Set out in the
      schedule.
      (3) On lapse of tenancy agreement, the owner shall within
      20 days give notice to the corporation in form ….set out
      in the schedule

    Notice by the
    corporation

    1. (1) where a tenant occupying a unit is in breach of the by-
      laws as provided under Section 46, the corporation shall notify

    the owner of the unit in form16 set out in the schedule to take
    necessary action
    (2) where a notice under paragraph (1) has been given and the
    owner has failed to take necessary action, the corporation shall
    give notice to the tenant to vacate the premises in form 17 set
    out in the schedule

    Termination
    of sectional
    status.

    24.(1) A notice of the termination of the sectional status of a
    building shall be in form SP 18 set out in the Schedule.
    (2) On receipt of a notice referred to in paragraph (1), the
    Registrar shall endorse on the relevant sectional plan register
    a notification of the termination of the sectional status and the
    vesting of the parcel in the owners.

    (3) The notification shall contain any other particulars the
    Registrar directs and shall be signed by the Registrar.

    Transfer of
    parcel.

    1. Where a parcel is transferred by a corporation pursuant to
      section 49 of the Act, the Registrar shall—
      (a) enter on the relevant sectional plan register a
      notification of the cancellation of the plan; and
      (b) indicate in an appropriate manner on any relevant
      register that the sectional plan has been cancelled.

    Notification
    of change of
    address.

    1. where there is change of address, the corporation shall
      nitify the registrar of such change in form SP 19 set out in
      the Schedule.

    Notification
    of change of
    Board
    membership.

    1. Where there is a change to board membership as provided
      under 26(2) of the Act the corporation shall give notice to the
      registrar in form SP 20 set out in the Schedule and such
      changes shall be noted in the Corporation Register.

    Notification
    of change of
    corporation.

    Extension or
    renewal of
    lease.

    Submission of
    forms and
    plans
    electronically.

    1. (1) On the change of membership of the corporation by
      way of exit or entry of a unit owner, the corporation shall give
      notice to the registrar in form SP21 set out in the Schedule.
      (2) The registrar shall accordingly amend the unit register and
      the corporation register.
    2. An application for extension or renewal of the lease term
      shall be made through the corporation by all the unit owners
      from the same sectional plan as provided under the Land
      (Extension and Renewal of Leases) Rules 2017.
    3. All forms and plans referred to in these regulations may
      be submitted in electronic form.

    FIRST SCHEDULE

    THE OWNERS, SECTIONAL PLAN NO.(to specify the
    number given to the plan on registration)

    SECTIONAL PROPERTIES CORPORATION BY-
    LAWS

    Name and
    address

    1. (1) The corporation shall be called “The Owners Sectional
      Plan No….Corporation” hereinafter referred to in these by-

    laws as “The Corporation” and it is registered in [ ]Registration Unit within[ ] County.
    (2) The registered office of the Corporation shall be at
    …………………. and the postal address shall be
    …………………
    Notice of any change of address shall be given to the Registrar
    within 30 days of the resolution of the board to change address
    is taken.

    Interpretation. 2. (1) In these By-laws, unless the context otherwise suggests
    words or phrases shall be defined and interpreted in
    accordance with the Sectional Properties Act, 2020 and the
    Regulations made there under hereinafter referred to as the
    “Act” and “Regulations” respectively
    (2)In these by-laws save as otherwise expressly stated:
    “general meeting” means an annual or special general meeting
    physically, virtually or hybrid of the two convened by the
    corporation to conduct business of the Corporation;
    “Tenant” means a person renting a unit
    (3) The rights and obligations given or imposed on the
    corporation or the owners under these by-laws are in addition
    to any rights or obligations given or imposed on the
    corporation or the owners under the Act.

    Objects 3. (1)These Bylaws are made pursuant to Section 29 of the Act
    to provide for the control, management and administration of
    the units, the movable and immovable property of the
    Corporation and the common property.
    (2)In addition to the bylaws prescribed herein, the Corporation
    may pursuant to the Act make other bylaws that are responsive
    and serve the demand of a specific development

    Duties of the
    owner.

    1. An owner shall—
      (a) permit the corporation and its agents, at all reasonable
      times on notice (except in case of emergency when no
      notice is required), to enter his unit for the purposes
      of—
      (i) inspecting the unit;

    (ii) maintaining, repairing or replacing pipes, wires,
    cables and ducts existing in the unit and used or
    capable of being used in connection with the
    enjoyment of any other unit or common property;
    (iii)Maintaining or repairing the common property; or
    (iv) ensuring compliance to the by-laws;
    (b) forthwith carry out all work that may be required by
    the corporation pursuant to these by-laws or as
    required by a County Government or other public
    authority in respect of the unit, other than any work for
    the benefit of the building generally; and pay all rates,
    rent, taxes, charges and assessments that may be
    payable in respect of the unit;
    (c) maintain the unit in a state of good repair;
    (d) Immediately notify the corporation of—
    (i) any change in the ownership of the unit; or
    (ii) any charge registered against the unit; and
    (e) not make structural, mechanical or electrical
    alterations to his unit or to the common property
    without the prior written consent of the board, which
    shall not be unreasonably withheld, and shall prior to
    making any such alteration give to the board not less
    than fourteen days’ notice in writing (including a
    description of the proposed alteration) before the
    intended date of commencement of the proposed
    alteration and shall not commence the same until such
    written consent as aforesaid has been received by him.

    Powers of the
    corporation.

    5.(1) The corporation may—
    (a) acquire movable property to be used—
    (i) for the maintenance, repair or replacement of
    the immovable or movable property of the
    corporation or the common property; or
    (ii) by owners in connection with their enjoyment
    of the immovable and movable property of the
    body corporate or the common property;

    (b) borrow money required by it in the better performance
    of its duties or the exercise of its powers, subject to the
    borrowing limit allowed by owners in an annual
    general meeting;
    (c) secure the repayment of money borrowed by it and
    interest on that money by a negotiable instrument, a
    mortgage on unpaid contributions (whether levied or
    not), or a mortgage or charge over any property not
    being immovable property owned by it or by any
    combination of those means;
    (d) charge interest under Section 32 of the act on any
    contribution owing to it by an owner at the rate not
    exceeding the base lending rate as published by the
    Central Bank of Kenya from time to time or as may
    be fixed by resolution of the corporation in general
    meeting;
    (e) make an agreement with an owner or tenant of a unit
    for the provision of amenities or services by it to the
    unit or to the owner or tenant of the unit;
    (f) where the supply of electricity or water or gas to a unit
    is regulated by means of a sub-meter, require the
    owner or other occupier of the unit to pay to the
    corporation by way of security for the payment of
    charges arising through the sub-meter an amount not
    exceeding shillings ** and if any amount is so paid is
    applied by the corporation to meet such utilities, to pay
    such further amount or amounts by way of such
    security as may be necessary to maintain the amount
    of the security as, subject to this paragraph, the
    corporation may require;
    (g) if the owner or other occupier of a unit in respect of
    which a sub-meter is used for the supply of electricity
    or water or gas refuses or fails to pay any charges due
    for the supply of electricity or water or gas to that unit,
    apply in payment of those charges all, or such part as
    is necessary; of any amount paid to the corporation by
    that owner or occupier under paragraph (f) including
    any interest that may have accrued in respect of that
    amount under paragraph (2)(a);

    (h) by agreement with a particular owner, grant him
    exclusive use and enjoyment of part of the common
    property or special privileges in respect of the
    common property or any part of it in accordance with
    section 40 of the Act.
    (i) Give notice to the owner of the unit if the tenant
    occupying the unit is in breach of the by-laws as
    provided in the regulations
    (j) Give notice to a tenant to vacate the premises if the
    owner fails to take necessary action as per notice given
    under paragraph (I) above and the bylaws.
    (2) The corporation shall—
    (a) lodge every sum received under paragraph (1)(f) to the
    credit of an interest bearing account with a bank to be
    determined by the corporation and all interest accruing
    in respect of amounts so received shall, subject to
    paragraph (1)(g), be credited to the account of the
    corporation
    (b) maintain in a state of good and serviceable repair, the
    fixtures and fittings (including lifts) existing on the
    property and used or capable of being used in
    connection with the enjoyment of more than one unit
    or the common property;
    (c) where a person who has paid an amount under
    paragraph (1)(f) to the corporation satisfies the
    corporation that he is no longer the owner or occupier
    of a unit and that the corporation no longer has any
    liability or contingent liability for the supply of
    electricity or water or gas or other utilities to that unit
    during the period when the person was an owner or
    occupier of the unit, refund to that person the amount
    then held on his behalf under paragraph (1)(f);
    (d) where practicable, establish and maintain suitable
    lawns and gardens on the common property;
    (e) maintain, repair and where necessary, renew sewers,
    pipes, wires, cables and ducts existing on the property
    and used or capable of being used in connection with
    the enjoyment of more than one unit or the common
    property;

    (f) on the written request of the owner or a registered
    chargee of his unit, produce to the owner or chargee, as the
    case may be, (or to a person authorized in writing by the owner
    or chargee) all policies of insurance effected by the
    corporation together with the receipts for the last premiums
    paid in respect of the policies, and shall also if requested so to
    do in accordance with the provisions of section 39 of the Act
    provide copies to such owner, chargee or authorized person.

    Election of the
    Board.

    6.(1) The board shall consist of not less than three and not
    more than nine individuals.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if there are not more
    than two owners, the board may consist of all the owners.
    (3) An individual shall not be a member of the board unless
    that individual has attained the age of eighteen years.
    (4) The constitution of the board where practicable shall
    comply with the Constitution of Kenya gender requirements
    and shall ensure balanced and wider representation of various
    types of unit owners in the property.
    (5) In determining the number of owners for the purposes of
    this by-law and of by-law 5, co-owners of a unit or more than
    one unit shall be deemed to be one owner and a person who
    owns more than one unit shall also be deemed to be one owner.

    Eligibility to
    sit on the
    Board.

    7.(1) The board shall comprise of unit owners elected at a
    general meeting provided that the board may coopt not more
    than two persons who are not owners to represent other
    interests.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)—

    (a) if there are co-owners of a unit, only one of the co-
    owners shall be eligible

    (b) an owner who has not paid to the corporation the
    contribution due and owing in respect of his unit is not
    eligible for election to the board.

    Voting.

    1. At an election of members of the board, each person
      entitled to vote may vote for the same number of nominees as
      there are vacancies to be filled on the board.

    Term of
    Office.

    9.(1) Subject to paragraph (2), a member of the board shall
    be elected at an annual general meeting for a term of one year..
    (2) At the first meeting convened under section 27 of the
    Act—
    (a) not more than fifty per cent of the members of the
    board shall be elected for a term of one year; and
    (b) the balance of the members shall be elected for a term
    of two years.
    (3) Each member of the board shall remain in office until—
    (a) the office becomes vacant under by-law 9;
    (b) the member resigns;
    (c) the member is removed under by-law 11; or
    (d) his term of office expires,
    whichever comes first.

    Removal of a
    member of the
    Board.

    1. The corporation may by special resolution at a meeting
      remove a member of the board before the expiration of his
      term of office and appoint another individual in his place to
      hold that office for the remainder of the term.

    Vacating of
    the office of a
    member of the
    Board.

    1. The office of a member of the board is vacated if the
      member—
      (a) becomes bankrupt under the Insolvency Act, 2015;
      (b) is more than ninety days in arrears in payment of any
      contribution required to be made by him as an owner;
      (c) is the subject of a certificate of incapacity issued by a
      certified medical doctor;
      (d) is convicted of and is sentenced to imprisonment for an
      offence of more than six months
      (e) resigns his office by serving notice in writing on the
      corporation; or

    (f) is absent from more than three consecutive meetings of
    the board without written notification to the board and
    it is resolved at a subsequent meeting of the board that
    his office be vacated.
    (g) Dies.

    Vacancy.

    1. When a vacancy occurs on the board under by-law 9 and
      11 the board may appoint an individual to fill that office for
      the remainder of the term.

    Officers of the
    Corporation.

    13.(1) At the first meeting of the members of the board held
    after the meeting of the corporation at which they were elected,
    the board shall designate from its members a chairperson,
    vice-chairperson, secretary and treasurer of the corporation.
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) the board may designate
    one person to fill the office of secretary and treasurer.
    (4) In addition to any other duties assigned to the officers by
    the board—
    (a) the chairperson or, in the event of his absence or
    disability the vice-chairman—
    (i) is responsible for the daily execution of the business
    of the corporation; and
    (ii) shall preside the meetings of the board;
    (b) the secretary or, in the event of his absence or
    disability another member of the board designated by
    the board—
    (i) shall record and maintain all the minutes of the
    board;
    (ii) is responsible for all the correspondence of the
    corporation;
    (iii) shall carry out his duties under the direction of the
    chairman and the board;
    (iv) shall give on behalf of the corporation and of the
    board all notices required to be given under the
    Act; and

    (v) shall call for nominations of candidates for
    election as members of the board;
    (c) the treasurer or, in the event of his absence or
    disability another member of the board designated by
    the board, shall—
    (i) receive all money paid to the corporation and
    deposit it as the board may direct;
    (ii) properly account for the funds of the corporation
    and keep such books as the board directs;
    (iii)present to the board when directed to do so by the
    board a full detailed account of receipts and
    disbursements of the corporation;
    (iv) prepare for submission at the annual general
    meeting—
    (A) a budget for the forthcoming fiscal year of the
    corporation; and
    (B) an audited statement for the most recently
    completed fiscal year of the corporation; and
    (v) notify owners of any contributions levied pursuant
    to this Act.

    (5) A person ceases to be an officer of the corporation if he
    ceases to be a member of the board.
    (6) If a person ceases to be an officer of the corporation, the
    board shall designate from its members a person to fill that
    office for the remainder of the term.
    (7) If a board consists of not more than three persons, those
    persons may perform the duties of the officers of the
    corporation in such manner as the board may direct.

    Majority vote
    and quorum of
    the Board.

    14.(1) At meetings of the board, all matters shall be
    determined by majority vote and in the event of a tie vote, the
    chairperson is entitled to a casting vote in addition to his
    original vote.

    (2) A quorum for a meeting of the board shall be of more
    than half of the members of the board.

    Written
    resolution.

    1. A written resolution of the board signed by the
      chairperson and the secretary of the board has the same effect
      as a resolution passed at a meeting of the board duly convened
      and held.

    Seal of the
    corporation.

    16.(1) The corporation shall have a corporate seal that shall
    not be used except—
    (a) under the authority of a resolution of the board;
    (b) in the presence of not less than two members of the
    board who shall sign the instrument to which the seal
    is affixed
    (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) above, if there are two
    members of the corporation, one member may be authorized
    by the board to use the seal and sign the instrument to which
    the seal is affixed.

    Signing
    authority.

    1. The board shall prescribe, by resolution—
      (a) those officers or other persons who are authorized to
      sign cheques, drafts, instruments and other documents
      not required to be signed under the seal; and
      (b) the manner, if any, in which the cheques, drafts,
      instruments and other documents are to be signed.

    Powers of the
    board.

    1. (1) The board shall—
      (a) meet at the request of the chairperson to conduct its
      business and adjourn and otherwise regulate its
      meetings;
      (b) meet when a member of the board gives to the other
      members not less than seven days notice of a meeting
      proposed by him specifying the reason for calling the
      meeting; and,
      (c) Where the Chairperson and the Vice-chairperson are
      not present at the meeting, the board members present
      will elect an interim chair for purposes of the meeting.

    (2) The board may employ on behalf of the corporation any
    agents and employees it thinks necessary to control, manage
    and administer the movable and immovable property of the
    corporation and the common property and in that respect may
    authorize those persons to exercise the powers of and carry out
    the duties of the corporation.
    (3) The board may, subject to any restriction imposed on it
    or direction given to it at a general meeting of the corporation
    delegate to any of its members any or all of its powers and
    duties as it thinks fit, and may at any time revoke that
    delegation.

    Duties of the
    board.

    1. The board shall—
      (a) cause proper books of account to be kept in respect of
      all money received and expended by it and the matters
      in respect of which the receipt and expenditure takes
      place;
      (b) prepare financial statements relating to all money of
      the corporation and the income and expenditures of the
      corporation for each annual general meeting;
      (c) maintain financial records of all the assets and
      liabilities of the corporation;
      (d) submit to the annual general meeting an annual report
      consisting of the financial statements and such other
      information as the board may determine or as may be
      directed by a resolution passed at a general meeting;
      (e) on the application of an owner or chargee of a unit (or
      of any person authorized in writing by him) make the
      books of account available for inspection at a
      reasonable fee at all reasonable times.

    Procedure at
    meetings

    1. All meetings of the board and general meetings shall be
      conducted according to the rules of procedure adopted by the
      board.
      extraordinary
      meeting.

    21.(1) The board—
    (a) shall, on the written request of the owners entitled to
    vote and who represent not less than twenty five per
    cent of the unit owners, convene a meeting; and

    (b) may, whenever it considers it proper to do so, convene
    a meeting.
    (2) If the board does not within twenty-one days after the
    date of the making of a requisition under paragraph (1)(a)
    proceed to convene an extraordinary general meeting, the
    requisition or any of them representing more than one-half of
    the aggregate unit entitlement of all of them, may themselves,
    in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which
    meetings are to be convened by the board, convene an
    extraordinary general meeting, but any meeting so convened
    shall not be held after the expiration of three months from the
    date on which the requisition was made.

    Notice of
    meeting.

    22.(1) When an annual general meeting or any other meeting
    is to be convened, the board shall, not less than twenty one
    days prior to the day on which the meeting is to be convened,
    give each owner written notice of the meeting stating—
    (a) the place, date and time at which the meeting is to be
    convened; and
    (b) the nature of any special business, if any, to be brought
    forth at the meeting.
    (2) On being notified by a chargee entitled to vote under
    section 24 of the Act that the charge wishes to be notified on
    meetings, the board shall give to that chargee the same notices
    required to be given to the owner under paragraph (1).
    (3) At annual general meeting or any other meeting or
    anything done at that meeting is not invalid by reason only that
    a person did not receive a notice given under paragraph (1) in
    respect of that meeting.

    Quorum at
    meeting of the
    corporation.

    23.(1) Except as otherwise provided by these by-laws, no
    business shall be transacted at an annual general meeting or
    any other meeting unless a quorum of persons entitled to vote
    are present or represented by proxy, at the time when the
    meeting commences.
    (2) A quorum for an annual general meeting or any other
    meeting consists of not less than twenty-five per cent of all the
    persons entitled to receive notice under by-law 22 being
    present in person or represented by proxy at that meeting.

    (3) If within thirty minutes from the time appointed for the
    commencement of an annual general meeting or any other
    meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting shall stand
    adjourned to the corresponding day in the next week at the
    same place and time and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum
    is not present within thirty minutes from the time appointed
    for the commencement of the meeting, the persons entitled to
    vote who are present or represented by proxy constitute a
    quorum for the purpose of that meeting.
    (4) Notwithstanding 3 above if the corresponding day
    following the adjournment is public holiday, the meeting shall
    be held on the day before the public holiday.

    Procedure at
    meeting of the
    corporation.

    24.(1) The chairperson or, in the event of his absence or
    disability, the vice-chairperson or other officer , shall preside
    at the annual general meeting or at any other meeting.
    (2) The order of business at an annual general meeting and,
    as far as practicable at any other meeting, shall be as follows—
    (a) call to order by the chairperson;
    (b) call of the roll and certification of proxies;
    (c) reading of notice of the meeting;
    (d) Adoption of the agenda
    (e) confirmation of previous minutes and matters arising
    (f) reports from officers;
    (g) reports from committees (if any);
    (h) presentation of the audited accounts;
    (i) Passing of resolutions
    (j) new business
    (k) election of members of the board;
    (l) Any other business
    (m)Closing of the meeting.

    Voting. 25.(1) At an annual general meeting or at any other meeting a
    resolution shall be voted on by a show of hands unless a poll
    is demanded by a person entitled to vote and present in person
    or by proxy, and unless a poll is so demanded, a declaration by
    the chairman that a resolution has on the show of hands been
    carried is conclusive proof of the fact without proof of the
    number of proportion of votes recorded in favour of or against
    resolution.
    (2) If a person demands a poll, that person may withdraw that
    demand and on the demand being withdrawn the vote shall be
    taken by a show of hands.
    (3) A poll, if demanded, shall be conducted in a manner
    directed by the chairman, and the result of the poll shall be
    deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll
    was demanded.
    (4) In the case of a tie in a vote taken at an annual general
    meeting or at any other meeting, whether on a show of hands
    or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting is entitled to a casting
    vote in addition to his original vote.

    Number of
    votes.

    26.(1) If a vote is taken by a show of hands, each person
    entitled to vote has one vote.
    (2) If a vote is taken by a poll, the number of votes that a
    person may cast shall correspond to the unit factors for the
    respective units represented by that person.

    Votes at an
    annual general
    meeting or
    other meeting.

    1. Except for matters requiring a special resolution or
      unanimous resolution, all matters shall be determined by a
      majority vote.

    Manner of
    voting.

    1. On a show of hands or on a poll, votes cast may be given
      either personally or by proxy.

    Appointment
    of proxy.

    1. An instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing in
      form [ ] under the hand of the person making the appointment
      or of his duly appointed attorney, and may be either general or
      for a particular meeting, but a proxy need not be an owner.

    Restriction on
    voting.

    30.(1) Except as provided for in paragraph (2) of this by-law
    or section 24 of the Act, there are no restrictions or limitations

    on an owner’s right to vote at an annual general meeting or at
    any other meeting.
    (2) If, at the time of an annual general meeting or of any
    other meeting an owner has not paid to the corporation all
    contributions that are due and owing in respect of his unit, that
    owner shall be ineligible to cast a vote at that meeting in
    respect of any resolution other than a special resolution or a
    unanimous resolution.
    (3) An owner’s ineligibility to cast a vote does not affect the
    right of the chargee first entitled in priority in respect of a
    charge registered against the title of that owner’s unit to vote
    in accordance with the Act.

    Vote by co-
    owners.

    31.(1)If a unit is owned by more than one person, those co-
    owners may vote personally or by proxy and—

    (a) in the case of a vote taken by a show of hands, those
    co-owners are entitled to one vote between them; and
    (b) in the case of a vote taken by a poll, a co-owner is
    entitled to the portion of the vote applicable to the unit
    as is proportionate to his interest in the unit.
    (2) A co-owner may demand that a poll be taken.

    Signed
    resolution
    majority vote.

    1. If a resolution of the members of the corporation requires
      a majority vote, that resolution signed in person or by proxy
      by all the persons who, at a properly convened annual general
      meeting or other meeting, would be entitled to vote, has the
      same effect as a resolution duly passed at the meeting.

    Capital
    replacement
    reserve fund.

    33.(1) The board shall establish and maintain a fund to be
    called the “Capital Replacement Reserve Fund” to be used for
    the repair or replacement of—
    (a) immovable and movable property owned by the
    corporation; and
    (b) the common property,
    when the repair or replacement does not occur annually.

    (2) The board may by resolution determine the amount that
    may be paid from the Capital Replacement Reserve Fund in
    respect of any single item of expenditure.

    Amendment
    of by-laws.

    1. Notwithstanding by-law 20, if a by-law is to be amended,
      replaced or repealed, the persons entitled to vote shall be given
      written copies of the text of the proposed amendment, repeal
      or replacement not less than fourteen days prior to the day on
      which the special resolution is to be voted on.

    Restrictions in
    use.

    35.(1) In this by-law—
    (a) “occupant” means a person present in a unit or in
    or on the immovable or movable property of the
    corporation or the common property with the
    permission of an owner;
    (b) “owner”includes a tenant.

    (2) An owner shall not—
    (a) use or enjoy the immovable or movable property of the
    corporation or the common property in such a manner
    as to interfere unreasonably with its use and enjoyment
    by other owners or the occupants;
    (b) use his unit in a manner or for a purpose that will or
    may cause a nuisance or hazard to any other owner or
    occupant;
    (c) use his unit for any purpose (illegal otherwise) which
    may be injurious to the reputation of the property;
    (d) make undue noise in his unit or on or about any
    immovable property property of the corporation or the
    common property;
    (e) keep an animal in his unit or in the immovable property
    of the corporation or the common property after a date
    specified in a notice given to him by the board;
    (f) use his unit for any other use other than that indicated
    in the sectional plan;

    (g) do anything in respect of his unit or the immovable or
    movable property of the corporation or the common
    property or bring or keep anything on it that will in any
    way increase the risk of fire or result in an increase of
    any insurance premiums payable by the corporation;
    (h) use a toilet, sink, tub, drain, or other plumbing fixture
    for a purpose other than that for which it is constructed;
    (i) hang or place on the immovable property of the
    corporation or the common property or within a unit
    anything that is, in the opinion of the board
    aesthetically unpleasing when viewed from outside the
    units;
    (j) leave articles belonging to his household on the
    immovable property of the corporation or the common
    property when those articles are not in actual use;
    (k) obstruct a sidewalk, walkway, passage, driveway or
    parking area other than for ingress and egress to and
    from his unit;
    (l) use any portion of the immovable property of the
    corporation or the common property except in
    accordance with the by-laws;
    (m)use as fuel any substance or material which may give
    rise to smoke or fumes or obnoxious smells; or
    (n) throw or allow to fall, any refuse or rubbish of any
    description on the common property or any part thereof
    except in refuse bins maintained by him or in refuse
    chutes provided in the building.
    (3) An owner shall—
    (a) ensure that any occupant of his unit complies with the
    requirements of paragraph(2) as if he was the unit
    owner;
    (b) take all reasonable steps to ensure that his visitors do
    not behave in a manner likely to interfere with the
    peaceful enjoyment of the owner, occupier or other
    resident of any other unit or of any person lawfully
    using the common property; and

    (c) take all reasonable steps to ensure that his visitors
    comply with any by-laws of the corporation relating to
    the parking of motor vehicles.
    (4) An owner may, without obtaining the consent of the
    corporation paint, wall paper or otherwise decorate the
    structure which forms the inner surface of the boundary of his
    unit or office locking devices, flyscreens, furnishings,
    furniture, carpets and other similar things to that surface, if and
    so long as such action does not unreasonably damage the
    common property.

    Internal
    Disputes
    Resolution
    Committee

    1. (1) Pursuant to Section 20(6) of the Act, the corporation
      shall constitute an Internal Disputes Resolution Committee
      on a need basis to hear disputes whenever they arise.
      (2) The Committee shall comprise not less than 3 members
      and not more than 5 members of the Corporation.

    (3) The Board shall appoint the Chairperson and the
    Secretary to the Committee.
    (4) The committee shall sit and dispense on the matter within
    reasonable timelines as directed by the board.
    (5) Where the dispute is brought against the Board or a
    member of the Board, a board member who may have been
    appointed to the committee shall excuse themselves.
    (6) The Committee shall hear and determine the matter
    within timelines specified and communicate its determination
    to the disputing parties with a copy being given to the board

    (7) The committee shall have powers to summon parties
    involved in the dispute.
    (8) The committee shall provide a written notice of not less
    than 7 days when such summons are given.

    (9) Where a party fails to appear after being summoned, the
    committee shall proceed to determine the matter and give its
    verdict.

    (10) Where a party is aggrieved by the decision of the
    committee they may seek other legal redress mechanisms.
    (11) The committee in its deliberations shall ensure
    impartiality in determining the matter brought before it and
    give every member a fair hearing.

    Acceptance 37. We the undersigned Executive members of the Board of
    Owners Sectional Plan No[ ] Corporation do hereby accept and
    receive these by-laws for and on behalf of the Corporation.
    TITLE NAME I.D NO. SIGNATURE
    CHAIRMAN:
    ……………………………………………………………………
    ……………
    VICE CHARIMAN:
    ……………………………………………………………………………
    ….
    SECRETARY:
    ……………………………………………………………………………
    ……..
    TREASURER:
    ………………………………………………………………………………….

    OFFICIAL CERTIFICATION
    I CERTIFY that the foregoing by-laws of the Owners Sectional
    Plan No[ ]Corporation have been approved and duly
    registered.
    Given under my hand at ………this ………… Day of
    ………………. 20…….

    …………………………………..
    Registrar
    [ ]Land Registry

    Made on the ……………………………………, 2021

    FARIDA KARONEY,
    Cabinet Secretary for Lands and Physical Planning.

    SCHEDULE

    FORMS

    Forms

    Form SP 1 [Regulation 2 ]
    APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF CORPORATION
    To the Land Registrar
    ………………………………………………..Land Registry.
    I/We, the owner(s) of Units built on land parcel no. ………………………………………………………………………
    on this ……………………day of ……………20……………
    hereby apply for registration of Corporation for Sectional Property within the said land parcel.
    My/Our details are as follows:
    Name ID/PP No Unit No. Address Signature
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..

    SECTIONAL PLAN REGISTER

    Form SP2
    [Regulation 2]

    …………………….UNITS

    SECTIONAL PLAN NO. …………………..

    Edition PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened Particulars of Sectional Property
    Registration Section

    Lessor………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    Lessee……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    User………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

    Rent………………………………….Term……………………..From………………………………………
    Easements……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

    For Appurtenance See Registered Lease

    Parcel Number

    (Orig. Parcel no.
    )
    Approximate Area
    in hectares
    No. of Units……
    Cadastral Map
    Sheet No…………..

    Cadastral Plan No.
    …………………

    Form SP 3 [Regulation 2]

    CORPORATION REGISTER

    S/No. Name
    of
    Corpora
    tion
    Postal and
    E-mail
    Addresses
    Registra
    tion
    Number
    Land
    Registratio
    n Unit

    Count
    y

    Sub-
    County

    Title
    Number
    Unit
    Numb
    ers
    Membe
    rship

    1.
    2.
    3.

    Form SP 4 [Regulation 2]

    CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION

    This is to certify that the Owners, Sectional plan No……………. in the County of ……….. has been
    duly registered as a corporation on this …………..day of………………20…… under my hand and the
    seal of …………………………………….Land Registry.

    …………………

    Land Registrar

    Form SP 5 [Regulation 2]
    UNIT REGISTER (FREEHOLD)
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened:

    User:…………………………………..

    Nature of Title

    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One Ten
    Thousandth Shares in the Common
    Property Therein

    Freeehold

    Approximate Unit Floor
    Area……………..m2
    (Original Parcel/Unit
    Number…………………)

    Sectional Plan Number

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION

    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered
    Proprietor

    Address or
    Description of
    Reg. Proprietor

    Consideration and
    Remarks

    Signature of the
    Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION

    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    Form SP 6 [Regulation 2]

    UNIT REGISTER (LEASEHOLD)
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened: Easement, etc Nature of Title
    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One
    Ten Thousandth Shares in the
    Common Property Therein

    Lessor………………………………..
    Lessee……………………………….
    Rent……………….. User……………….
    Term…………………….Years…………..
    From……………………………………….

    Leasehold

    Approximate Unit Floor
    Area……………..m2
    (Original Parcel/Unit Number……………)
    Sectional Plan Number

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION
    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered
    Proprietor

    Address or
    Description of
    Reg. Proprietor

    Consideration and
    Remarks

    Signature of the
    Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION

    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    Form SP7 [Regulation 3]

    CERTIFICATE OF TITLE FOR SECTIONAL PROPERTY

    Title Number………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    Unit Number…………….and………………one ten thousandth shares in the common property herein.
    Approximate Unit Floor Area………………………m2 User…………………………………………………………………….
    Sectional Plan No. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    is (are) now registered as the absolute owner(s) of the freehold interest comprised in the above
    mentioned title, subject to such of the overriding interests set out in section 28 of the Land Registration
    Act as may for the time being subsist and affect the unit.
    GIVEN under my hand and seal of the………………………………………………………………………………Land Registry
    this …………………day of………………………20………………..
    ……………………………………………….
    Land Registrar
    At the date stated on the front hereof, the following appeared in the register relating to the unit:
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened: Easement, etc Nature of Title
    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One Ten
    Thousandth Shares in the Common
    Property Therein Freehold
    Approximate Unit Floor Area……………..m2

    (Original Parcel/Unit
    Number…………………)
    Sectional Plan Number…………………..

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION
    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered Unit
    Owners

    Address and
    Description of
    Registered Unit
    Owner

    Consideration
    and Remarks

    Signature of
    Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION
    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    Form SP8 [Regulation 3]

    CERTIFICATE OF LEASE FOR SECTIONAL PROPERTY

    Title Number ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    Unit Number………………….and……………………………..one ten thousandth shares in the common property
    herein
    Approximate Unit Floor Area………………………m2
    User………………………………………………………………………………………………..Rent…………………………………………..
    Term…………………………………………………..Years from………………………………………………………………………………
    Sectional Plan No ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    is (are) now registered as the unit owner(s) of the leasehold interest comprised in the above mentioned
    title, subject to such of the overriding interests set out in section 28 of the Land Registration Act as may
    for the time being subsist and affect the unit.
    GIVEN under my hand and seal of the………………………………………………………………………………Land Registry
    this …………………day of………………………20………………..
    …………………………………………………….
    Land Registrar

    At the date stated on the front hereof, the following appeared in the register relating to the unit:
    Edition: PART A-PROPERTY SECTION
    Opened: Easement, etc Nature of Title
    Registration Section
    Unit Number ……..and …………….. One
    Ten Thousandth Shares in the Common
    Property Therein

    Lessor………………………………..
    Lessee……………………………….
    User………………………………Rent………..
    Term…………………….Years
    From……………………………………….

    Leasehold

    Approximate Unit Floor
    Area……………..m2
    (Original Parcel/Unit
    Number………………)
    Sectional Plan Number

    PART B-PROPRIETORSHIP SECTION
    Entry No. Date Nature of Encumbrance Further Particulars Signature of Registrar

    PART C-ENCUMBRANCE SECTION
    Entry No. Date Name of
    Registered Unit
    Owners

    Address and
    Description of
    Registered Unit
    Owner

    Consideration
    and Remarks

    Signature of
    Registrar

    Form SP 9 [Regulation 11 ]

    APPLICATION FOR ENDORSEMENT BY COUNTY GOVERNMENT
    (To be submitted to appropriate County Government in Triplicate)

    To;
    County Executive Committee Member
    (Responsible for Approval of Building Plans)
    COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF …………………………………………………
    I/We hereby apply for the endorsement of the Sectional Plan in respect of building developed on parcel
    No: ……………………………………………………………… (Original Parcel
    no:………………………………………………………………………………………..) to confirm its conformity with the building
    plan.
    Owner:…………………………………………………….
    Address…………………………………………………..

    Applicant …………………………………………………………………………………………
    Address ……………………………………………………………………………
    Signature ……………………………………………………………………………
    Date:…………………………………

    Form SP 10 [Regulation 13(1)]
    SCHEDULE OF UNIT FACTORS
    Unit Number User Approximate
    Floor Area m2 Unit Factor

    Form SP 11 [Section 13(2)
    Total 10,000

    DERIVATION OF UNIT FACTORS
    There appears to be no prescribed formula for allocating unit factors or unit entitlement. Its
    determination is based on unit floor area or on the selling/ value of the unit or on location/position of
    the unit or on combination of these factors. Whatever method is used, it is important that the unit
    factors are made equitable.
    Generally the method based on Unit floor area is commonly used and it is recommended that until
    such a time as other considerations will come to play, we base our unit factor determination on floor
    areas of the units.
    For units numbered 1,2,3 and 4 in a sectional property building of floor areas a,b,c and d square
    metres respectively the corresponding unit factors shall be:
    Unit 1:
    a
    ∑ A
    X 10,000
    Unit 2:
    b
    ∑ A
    X 10,000 etc
    Where ∑ A=a+b+c+d, ie, sum of the floor areas of all the units in the building(s).
    Since a/∑ A or b/∑ A will be a fraction cumbersome to work with in ordinary life, the figure of 10,000
    is used in the multiplication purely for the convenience of obtaining whole numbers for the units.
    Also since in a given situation ∑ A is a constant the sum of all the derived units factors should, in the
    rounding up/down of the figures be equal to 10,000.
    In the sectional plan of sub-division or consolidation, the unit factor or factors for the unit or units in
    the original sectional plan that are included in the sub-division or consolidation shall be apportioned
    among the newly created units or unit-section 12(4) of the Act.
    Important role of the unit factors necessitates accurate determination of the unit floor areas based on
    precise measurements of unit boundaries.

    Form SP 12 [Regulation 14(f)]
    LEGEND
    A legend is to explain, among other items, the boundaries of the units, unit measurements, building
    locations and dimensions. An example of a typical legend is as follows:
     All building location dimensions are perpendicular to the property lines unless otherwise shown
    (radical tie distances if used should be specified (R))
     All building location dimensions and exterior building dimensions are to the exterior of the
    concrete foundation walls (or to the exterior surface walls or an inset may be drawn to show
    clearly the point of measurement)
     The boundary of any unit with common property is the undecorated interior surface of the unit
    floor, wall or ceiling as the case may be (or is as stipulated in section 6(1) of the Sectional
    Properties Act and illustrated thus………………………………………………………..)
     All unit dimensions and floor areas are measured to the undecorated interior surface of the unit
    at floor level.
    Or
     All major plumbing, electrical, mechanical and structural facilities passing through or existing
    within unit boundaries that are required for the operation and support of the main building are
    common property.
     Balconies and patios designated B1, etc and P1, etc respectively are common property that may
    be leased to the owner of the unit pursuant to section 22 and 23 of the Sectional Properties Act
    ( and /or exclusive possession areas are common property and delineated
    thus………………………………………………………..and /or all carports are denoted C15 delineated
    thus ………………………………………………………………………………………………… and/or are exclusive
    possession common property and may be leased or otherwise granted by the corporation to a
    unit owner pursuant to section 22 & 23 of the Act.

    Form SP 13 [Regulation 17]
    CONSENT OF UNIT OWNER(S) FOR SUB-DIVISION OR CONSOLIDATION OF A SECTIONAL PLAN
    Reference is made to an application by …………………………………………………………. the registered owner(s) of
    unit(s) number ………………… for Sub-Division / Consolidation of the unit(s).

    I/We, …………………………………………………………. of Post Office Box Number ………….. – ……………, ………………….
    being the registered owner(s) of the below listed unit(s) HEREBY CONSENT to Sub-Division / Consolidation
    of the units. I/We further confirm and undertake that in the event of the Commission exercising its
    statutory power of sale we shall issue a Share Certificate in favour of the Purchaser.

    No. Name of Unit Owner ID/PP No. Unit No. Postal Address E-mail Address
    Signature Date

    1. ………………………………………….. ………………………….. ……………… ………………… ………..
    2. ………………….. ……………… …………………………………….. ……………………………… ………………………..
    3. ……………………….. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………..

    Form SP 14 [Regulation 19(1)]
    APPLICATION FOR CONVERSION OF SUB-LEASES/LONG-TERM LEASES
    To the Land Registrar
    …………………………………………………..Land Registry.
    I/We, the owner(s) of Units built on land parcel no. ……………………………………………………………………… on
    this ……………………day of ……………20……………
    hereby apply for registration and issuance of certificates of lease/title under the Sectional Properties
    Act.
    The following documents are enclosed.
    Document/Instrument Number
    (where applicable)

    confirmed

    1 Sectional Plan
    2 Sub-leases/Long-term leases
    3 Original Title of the land parcel
    4
    5

    My/Our details are as follows
    Name ID/PP No Unit No. Address Signature
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..
    ………………………………… ………………………….. ……………… ……………………… …………………………..

    Form SP 15 [Regulation 22(1)]

    INTENTION TO RENT NOTICE TO CORPORATION

    To;
    (Name of Corporation)
    I/We ………………………………… the owner(s) of Unit No. …….. intend(s) to rent out my unit and for purposes
    of service of a notice under Regulation 23, please use:
    NAME…………………………………..
    TEL:……………………………………
    E-mail:…………………………………..
    P.O. Box………………………………..

    I hereby give my undertaking that I shall be liable for any damages caused by the tenant.
    (Signed)
    Name of Owner(s)

    Form SP 16 [Regulation 22(2)]

    TENANCY NOTICE TO CORPORATION

    To;
    (Name of Corporation)
    I/We ………………………………… the owner(s) of Unit No. …….. have entered into a tenancy agreement with
    the person whose details are as hereunder:
    NAME (of tenant)…………………………………..
    TEL:……………………………………
    E-mail:…………………………………..
    P.O. Box………………………………..
    (Signed)
    Name of Owner(s)

    Form SP 17 [Regulation 23(1)]
    CORPORATION NOTICE TO UNIT OWNER: TENANT IN BREACH OF BY-LAWS

    To;
    Name……………………
    Owner Unit No…………….
    This is to notify you pursuant Section 45 of the Sectional Properties Act, 2020 that the tenant currently
    in occupation of Unit No. ….. has caused the contravention/ has contravened the by-laws by:

    1. …………………………………………………………………..
    2. …………………………………………………………………..

    Please take necessary action to ensure compliance within ………………. days from the date hereof.
    If necessary action is not taken within the period specified, a vacation notice shall be issued to the
    tenant pursuant to Section 46(2) of the Sectional Properties Act, 2020 without further reference to you.
    (signed)
    (name of person signing)
    FOR: (Name of Corporation)

    Form SP 18 [Regulation 23(2)]
    VACATION NOTICE TO TENANTBY CORPORATION

    To
    (Name & address of tenant)
    Unit No………………………….
    This is to notify you that you are required to vacate Unit No. ……… pursuant to Section 46(2) of the
    Sectional Properties Act, 2020 within ………….. days from the date hereof having caused the
    contravention/contravened the by-laws by:

    1. …………………………………………………………………..
    2. …………………………………………………………………..
    3. ………………………………………………………………….
      TAKE NOTE that the Corporation shall take all necessary action to ensure compliance of this notice upon
      expiry of the specified period.
      (signed)
      (name of person signing)
      FOR: (Name of Corporation)

    Form SP 19 [Regulation 24(1)]
    PUBLIC NOTICE ON THE TERMINATION OF SECTIONAL STATUS

    Whereas Owners of Sectional Plan No………………of P.O Box in the Republic of Kenya, are registered as
    proprietors in absolute or leasehold interest of all the Units numbered (in the format: Registration
    Unit/Block no./parcel no./unit no.s)………………………………………………………….. situated in the County
    of……………………..Whereas evidence has been adduced to show that a unanimous resolution of the owners
    has been reached to terminate the sectional status, notice is given that after the expiration of ninety days
    (90) from the date hereof I shall terminate the sectional status provided that no objection has been
    received within that period.
    Dated the……..day of………..20………
    ……………………………………
    Land Registrar

    Form SP 20 [Regulation 26]

    NOTICE OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS

    The Owners, Sectional Plan No…………………………………………………………………hereby give notice that by a
    resolution of the Board dated ……………………………………………..it has designated
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    as the address at which documents may be served on the Corporation.
    Dated this………………………………………………………….day of ………………………………….20……………………
    The Seal of the Owners, Sectional Plan No……………………………………was affixed on …………………………………
    in the presence of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    ………………………………………………..
    Members of the Board

    Form SP 21 [Regulation 27]

    NOTICE OF CHANGE OF BOARD

    The Owners, Section Plan No…………………………………hereby gives notice that on the
    ……………………………day of ……………………………..20……………………the following persons were appointed
    members of the Board of the Owners, Sectional Plan No………………………………………………………………..
    Name ID No Address
    …………………………………………………… ………………………… ……………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………… ………………………… …………………………………………………….
    Notice is also given that on the ………………………………….day of …………………………………..20………………… the
    following persons ceased to hold office as members of the Board:
    Name ID No Address
    ………………………………………………….. …………………… ……………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………. …………………… …………………………………………………………
    The members of the Board are as of this date:
    Name ID No Address
    ………………………………………………….. …………………… …………………………………………………..
    ………………………………………………….. …………………… ……………………………………………….
    Dated this ……………………………………….day of …………………………………………20………………..
    The Owners, Sectional Plan No…………………………………………..was affixed on ……………………………………..in
    the presence of……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………
    Members of the Board

    Form SP 22 [Regulation 28]
    NOTICE OF CHANGE OF BOARD MEMBERSHIP ON EXIT OF UNIT OWNER
    The Owners, Section Plan No…………………………………hereby gives notice that on the
    ……………………………day of ……………………………..20……………………the following persons exited the
    corporation .
    Name ID No Unit No. Address
    …………………………………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………………………
    …………………………………………………… ………………… …………………… ………………………………….
    …………………………………………………… …………………… …………………… …………………………………
    …………………………………………………… ………………… …………………… ………………………………….
    The following person(s) joined the Corporation in place of those who exited.
    Name ID No Unit No. Address
    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… ………………………………………..
    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… ……………………………………….

    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… …………………………………..
    ………………………………………………….. ……………… …………………… ……………………………….
    Dated this ……………………………………….day of …………………………………………20………………..
    The Seal of The Owners, Sectional Plan No…………………………………………..was affixed on
    ……………………………………..in the presence
    of……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    …………………………………………………………
    Members of the Board

  • Residents Associations role in Building Plan Approvals in Kenya

    Residents Associations role in Building Plan Approvals in Kenya.

    Construction approval in Kenya is vested on Physical Planning departments within the County Government management.

    The Physical Planners at the employ of County Governments are the ones mandated to make the architectural plan approval or disapproval.

    Residents Associations.

    Some residential areas have organized themselves and petitioned County Government to be involved in the architectural plan approval and change of use decision making by giving an Ok or Objection towards specific projects within their locales.

    Areas such as Karen have the KARENGATA residents association that lobbies for particular construction developments in their neighborhood. Also the area between Juja and Ruiru in Mugutha, the residents association also lobbies and works together with the Juja Sub county government planning department in the architectural plan approval process.

    https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/chinese-firm-construct-high-rise-karen-units-3307666

    Physical Planner training.

    Physical planners are trained in Town Planning at degree level. Previous Physical Planners were trained in a basic 1st degree such as architecture, survey , engineering then a further masters degree in Town Planning. This gave them expertise in decision making such as allowing the neighborhoods to grow with the ever increasing population growth. Issues such as sewerage, road size, off street parking, landscaping etc. were well adjudicated. Most of Nairobi zones had regulations that a developer must plant trees and permission was needed to cut trees in Nairobi outskirts such as Karen so as to maintain the green leafy environment friendly feel.

    Schools would not be approved if they didn’t have sufficient play area which is instrumental for children’s intellectual growth.

    Nairobi areas such as Kileleshwa and Lavington were reserved for low rise bungalows only. With popolation increase pressure, the bye laws were easened to allow for high rise apartments.

    Karen area was restricted to 5 acre parcels with a single dwelling. This has now reduced to 0.5 acre parcel in most of Karen and 1 acre in a few selected areas such as around Westwood park in Karen .

    Residents Associations decisions.

    Residents associations decisions tend to be less scientific compared to decisions coming from trained town planners. This causes alot of unnecessary conflicts which end up in courts while others ending as criminal cases once the associations take matters into their own hands and either demolish, prevent access or harm the developers.

    Kigali.

    In Kigali City, architectural plan approvals are done by very highly trained town planers who have researched on the development and population growth trends and realized that since the city has a lot of swamps and steep hills which are not able to hold buildings, they are in future going to lack suitable land to host the growing population. To mitigate this, developers are encouraged to build vertically, with high rise building proposals encouraged. The more the floors, the easier it is for the development to be approved in Kigali. This is the opposite in Kenya where high rise developers are discouraged by resident associations and county planners, creating situations that push developers in a corner , forcing them to bribe their way through the approval processes.

    Corruption.

    Instead of Kenyan developers being encouraged to build higher floors like they do in Kigali, the county planners force the to scale down their buildings and only those with the ability to pay hefty bribes get allowed to build up.

    Urban Sprawl.

    The net effect is increase of urban sprawl into farmlands around the city as developers build to cater for the high population. Urban sprawl causes reduction in farmland surface area, like what is happening to the fertile Kiambu county farmlands that are slowly turning into concrete jungles.

    Solution.

    The well trained town planners will also be in a good position to ensure neighborhood associations are not surpassing their mandate and stalling the much needed developments without deep insight on the scientific methodologies that guide development control.

    Architect Francis Gichuhi Kamau.

    0721410684

    gichuhi@a4architect.com

  • Architectural Design for Flats in Kenya. Requirements.

    Architectural design for flats and apartment type buildings in Kenya starts when developer identifies the land that they would like to construct on.

    Plot size.

    Some plots are smaller, 30ft by 60ft , others are larger, 50ft by 1ft all the way to tens of acres.

    Change of User.

    Most land in Kenya is registered under agricultural use which allows for only one dwelling in the land. To build a flat, this is categorized as multi dwelling , housing many families hence the county government requires the land owner to change the land user status from agricultural to multi family commercial type. The land owner will need to contact a physical planner to assist in the change of use application. In areas such as Karen, Kawaha Sukari, Ruiru Mugutha, there are neighborhood associations that also need to agree with the new development if it is in tandem with their agreed guidelines.

    Return on Investment.

    The apartment developer will then need the services of an architect to calculate the return on investment feasibility study for the flats. This will aid the developer to know his or her budget and how long the investment will take to pay back amongst other issues. Target market, design style and other new green building technologies can be incorporated at this feasibility design stage.

    Building plan approvals.

    The land owner is required to submit architectural drawings from the architect and structural drawings from the structural engineer to the county government for the approval process to start. This takes an average of 4 weeks.

    Bills of Quantities.

    After the approvals are done, the land owner is required to work with a quantity surveyor to estimate the cost of construction and prepare tender documents to be issued to building contractors for the actual building to commence. Several contractors are invited to quote and the best is selected to carry out the works as per the architectural drawings.

    Actual construction.

    The building contractor commences the construction works, supervised by the architect, structural engineer, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer and quantity surveyor. Periodic, usually bi weekly site visits are done and continue till completion of the building.

    Property Management.

    The land owner can also hire a property management company to bring in tenants, collect rent and carry out repairs as the building is running.

    Architect Francis Gichui Kamau.

    0721410684

    gichuhi@a4arhitect.com

  • Architectural design of Hotel and Mall Bathrooms

    Architectural design of Hotel and Mall Bathrooms in Kenya.

    Bathroom facilities require to be positioned in locations where they can be naturally ventilated via a window to outside. In cases where electricity costs are not an issue, the toilets can be ventilated via Air Conditioning. Such air conditioned toilets can be seen in Karen crossroads mall.

    Covid.

    Air Conditioner ventilated bathrooms are ok when the Air conditioners are powerful and running 24 hours a day . This prevents the bathrooms from having a stale unfresh smell . In current times of Covid, there is a need to proper ventilation to keep the air free from Covid virus.

    Electricity cost.

    In Europe and America, cost of electricity is usually low enough to allow for air conditioning of bathrooms unlike in Kenya where cost of electricity is high and running the are conditioners all da would considerably increase the building running costs. In Kenya , its much easier for the developer to ask their architect to design the bathrooms in such a manner that they can easily be naturally ventilated, saving a lot of money in terms of maintenance costs since naturally ventilated bathrooms cost zero to ventilate.

    Solution.

    A few hotels around the country, Naivasha, Nakuru etc. also use mechanically ventilated bathrooms. This increases their running costs considerably. Architectural re design to position the bathrooms in locations where they can easily be naturally ventilated is a good solution.

    Architect Francis Gichuhi Kamau.

    info@a4architect.com

    0721410684

  • 1 acre +1/8th acre for Sale, Ngong, Stage 46. kes 24m

    https://goo.gl/maps/FU2PenMWkhENNMat5

    1 acre +1/8th acre for Sale, Ngong, Stage 46. kes 24m

    Call 0721410684 for more details.